Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea.
Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Yeonsugu, Incheon 22012, Korea.
Biomolecules. 2021 Feb 9;11(2):248. doi: 10.3390/biom11020248.
This study aimed to elucidate the variations in primary and secondary metabolites during flower development using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOFMS). The result showed that seven carotenoids, seven phenolic acids, three anthocyanins, and galantamine were identified in the . flowers. Most secondary metabolite levels gradually decreased according to the flower developmental stages. A total of 51 metabolites, including amines, sugars, sugar intermediates, sugar alcohols, amino acids, organic acids, phenolic acids, and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediates, were identified and quantified using GC-TOFMS. Among the hydrophilic compounds, most amino acids increased during flower development; in contrast, TCA cycle intermediates and sugars decreased. In particular, glutamine, asparagine, glutamic acid, and aspartic acid, which represent the main inter- and intracellular nitrogen carriers, were positively correlated with the other amino acids and were negatively correlated with the TCA cycle intermediates. Furthermore, quantitation data of the 51 hydrophilic compounds were subjected to partial least-squares discriminant analyses (PLS-DA) to assess significant differences in the metabolites of . flowers from stages 1 to 4. Therefore, this study will serve as the foundation for a biochemical approach to understand both primary and secondary metabolism in . flower development.
本研究旨在利用高效液相色谱（HPLC）和气相色谱飞行时间质谱（GC-TOFMS）阐明花发育过程中初级和次级代谢物的变化。结果表明，在 花中鉴定出了七种类胡萝卜素、七种酚酸、三种花青素和加兰他敏。大多数次级代谢物水平根据花发育阶段逐渐降低。使用 GC-TOFMS 共鉴定和定量了 51 种代谢物，包括胺、糖、糖中间体、糖醇、氨基酸、有机酸、酚酸和三羧酸（TCA）循环中间体。在亲水化合物中，大多数氨基酸在花发育过程中增加；相比之下，TCA 循环中间体和糖减少。特别是谷氨酰胺、天冬酰胺、谷氨酸和天冬氨酸，它们代表主要的细胞内和细胞间氮载体，与其他氨基酸呈正相关，与 TCA 循环中间体呈负相关。此外，对 51 种亲水化合物的定量数据进行偏最小二乘判别分析（PLS-DA），以评估从第 1 阶段到第 4 阶段 花中代谢物的显著差异。因此，本研究将为生化方法理解 花发育过程中的初级和次级代谢奠定基础。
