Park Chang Ha, Sathasivam Ramaraj, Nguyen Bao Van, Baek Seung-A, Yeo Hyeon Ji, Park Ye Eun, Kim Haeng Hoon, Kim Jae Kwang, Park Sang Un
Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-Ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea.
Department of Smart Agriculture Systems, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-Ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea.
Plants (Basel). 2020 Nov 20;9(11):1616. doi: 10.3390/plants9111616.
Plants are continuously exposed to abiotic and biotic factors that lead to wounding stress. Different plants exhibit diverse defense mechanisms through which various important metabolites are synthesized. Humans can exploit these mechanisms to improve the efficacy of existing drugs and to develop new ones. Most previous studies have focused on the effects of wounding stress on the different plant parts, such as leaves, stems, and roots. To date, however, no study has investigated the accumulation of primary and galantamine content following the exposure of a callus to wounding stress. Therefore, in the present study, we exposed calli to wounding stress and assessed the expression levels of several genes involved in metabolic pathways at various time points (0, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h of exposure). Furthermore, we quantify the primary and galantamine content using gas chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry and the high-performance liquid chromatography qRT-PCR analysis of eight galantamine pathway genes (, , , , , , , and ) revealed that seven genes, except , were significantly expressed following exposure to wounding stress. Galantamine contents of calli after 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h of exposure were respectively 2.5, 2.5, 3.5, 3.5, 5.0, 5.0, and 8.5 times higher than that after 0 h of exposure. Furthermore, a total of 48 hydrophilic metabolites were detected in the 0 h exposed callus and 96 h exposed callus using GC-TOFMS. In particular, a strong positive correlation between galantamine and initial precursors, such as phenylalanine and tyrosine, was observed.
植物不断受到导致创伤胁迫的非生物和生物因素影响。不同植物展现出多样的防御机制，通过这些机制合成各种重要的代谢产物。人类可以利用这些机制来提高现有药物的疗效并研发新药物。此前大多数研究聚焦于创伤胁迫对不同植物部位（如叶片、茎和根）的影响。然而，迄今为止，尚无研究调查愈伤组织暴露于创伤胁迫后初级代谢产物和加兰他敏含量的积累情况。因此，在本研究中，我们将愈伤组织暴露于创伤胁迫下，并在不同时间点（暴露后0、3、6、12、24、48、72和96小时）评估参与代谢途径的几个基因的表达水平。此外，我们使用气相色谱 - 飞行时间质谱法对初级代谢产物和加兰他敏含量进行定量，并且对八个加兰他敏途径基因（，，，，，，，和）的高效液相色谱qRT - PCR分析表明，除了之外，七个基因在暴露于创伤胁迫后均显著表达。暴露3、6、12、24、48、72和96小时后愈伤组织的加兰他敏含量分别比暴露0小时后高2.5、2.5、3.5、3.5、5.0、5.0和8.5倍。此外，使用GC - TOFMS在暴露0小时的愈伤组织和暴露96小时的愈伤组织中总共检测到48种亲水性代谢产物。特别地，观察到加兰他敏与初始前体（如苯丙氨酸和酪氨酸）之间存在强正相关。
