Complement Biology Laboratory, National Centre for Cell Science, S. P. Pune University Campus, Ganeskhind, Pune 411007, India.
Polio Virology Group, Microbial Containment Complex, ICMR-National Institute of Virology, Pune 411021, India.
Viruses. 2021 Jan 29;13(2):208. doi: 10.3390/v13020208.
Viruses require a host for replication and survival and hence are subjected to host immunological pressures. The complement system, a crucial first response of the host immune system, is effective in targeting viruses and virus-infected cells, and boosting the antiviral innate and acquired immune responses. Thus, the system imposes a strong selection pressure on viruses. Consequently, viruses have evolved multiple countermeasures against host complement. A major mechanism employed by viruses to subvert the complement system is encoding proteins that target complement. Since viruses have limited genome size, most of these proteins are multifunctional in nature. In this review, we provide up to date information on the structure and complement regulatory functions of various viral proteins.
病毒需要宿主进行复制和存活，因此它们受到宿主免疫压力的影响。补体系统是宿主免疫系统的关键初始反应，可有效靶向病毒和感染病毒的细胞，并增强抗病毒固有和获得性免疫反应。因此，该系统对病毒施加了强大的选择压力。因此，病毒已经进化出多种对抗宿主补体的对策。病毒用来颠覆补体系统的主要机制是编码靶向补体的蛋白。由于病毒的基因组大小有限，这些蛋白大多数具有多功能性。在这篇综述中，我们提供了有关各种病毒蛋白的结构和补体调节功能的最新信息。
