Division of Neurosurgery, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California.
Department of Cancer Immunotherapy & Tumor Immunology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California.
Neurosurgery. 2021 May 13;88(6):1056-1064. doi: 10.1093/neuros/nyaa584.
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) are the most common and among the deadliest brain tumors in adults. Current mainstay treatments are insufficient to treat this tumor, and therefore, more effective therapies are desperately needed. Immunotherapy, which takes advantage of the body's natural defense mechanism, is an exciting emerging field in neuro-oncology. Adoptive cell therapy with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells provides a treatment strategy based on using patients' own selected and genetically engineered cells that target tumor-associated antigens. These cells are harvested from patients, modified to target specific proteins expressed by the tumor, and re-introduced into the patient with the goal of destroying tumor cells. Here, we review the history of CAR T-cell therapy, and describe the characteristics of various generations of CAR T therapies, and the challenges inherent to treatment of GBM. Finally, we describe recent and current CAR T clinical trials designed to combat GBM.
胶质母细胞瘤（GBM）是成人中最常见且最致命的脑肿瘤之一。目前的主要治疗方法不足以治疗这种肿瘤，因此迫切需要更有效的治疗方法。免疫疗法利用了人体的自然防御机制，是神经肿瘤学中一个令人兴奋的新兴领域。嵌合抗原受体（CAR）T 细胞的过继细胞疗法提供了一种基于利用患者自身选择和基因工程细胞的治疗策略，这些细胞靶向肿瘤相关抗原。这些细胞从患者中采集，经过修饰以靶向肿瘤表达的特定蛋白质，然后重新引入患者体内，以破坏肿瘤细胞。在这里，我们回顾了 CAR T 细胞疗法的历史，描述了各种代 CAR T 疗法的特点，以及治疗 GBM 所固有的挑战。最后，我们描述了最近和目前旨在对抗 GBM 的 CAR T 临床试验。
