Faculty of Bioengineering and Technology, University Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli Campus, Jeli 17600, Kelantan, Malaysia.
Bioprocessing and Biomanufacturing Research Centre, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
Biomolecules. 2021 Feb 10;11(2):256. doi: 10.3390/biom11020256.
As the most recognizable natural secondary carotenoid astaxanthin producer, the green microalga cultivation is performed via a two-stage process. The first is dedicated to biomass accumulation under growth-favoring conditions (green stage), and the second stage is for astaxanthin evolution under various stress conditions (red stage). This mini-review discusses the further improvement made on astaxanthin production by providing an overview of recent works on , including the valuable ideas for bioprocess optimization on cell growth, and the current stress-exerting strategies for astaxanthin pigment production. The effects of nutrient constituents, especially nitrogen and carbon sources, and illumination intensity are emphasized during the green stage. On the other hand, the significance of the nitrogen depletion strategy and other exogenous factors comprising salinity, illumination, and temperature are considered for the astaxanthin inducement during the red stage. In short, any factor that interferes with the cellular processes that limit the growth or photosynthesis in the green stage could trigger the encystment process and astaxanthin formation during the red stage. This review provides an insight regarding the parameters involved in bioprocess optimization for high-value astaxanthin biosynthesis from .
作为最知名的天然类胡萝卜素虾青素的生产者，绿色微藻通过两阶段过程进行培养。第一阶段是在有利于生长的条件下进行生物量积累（绿色阶段），第二阶段是在各种胁迫条件下进行虾青素进化（红色阶段）。本综述讨论了通过提供最近关于虾青素生产的工作概述，对虾青素生产的进一步改进，包括细胞生长的生物过程优化的有价值的想法，以及虾青素色素生产的当前应激施加策略。在绿色阶段强调了营养成分的影响，特别是氮源和碳源以及光照强度。另一方面，在红色阶段，氮耗尽策略和其他外源性因素（包括盐度、光照和温度）的重要性被认为是虾青素诱导的因素。简而言之，任何干扰限制绿色阶段生长或光合作用的细胞过程的因素都可能触发红色阶段的囊胞形成和虾青素形成。本综述提供了有关从优化生物过程以生产高价值虾青素的参数的见解。
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