Schüler Julia, Wolff Wanja, Pfeifer Julian, Rihm Romina, Reichel Jessica, Rothacher Gerhard, Dettmers Christian
Department of Sports Science, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany.
Educational Psychology Lab, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
Front Psychol. 2021 Jan 28;11:570221. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.570221. eCollection 2020.
Physical activity counteracts some of the negative consequences associated with chronic neurological diseases. Here, we describe the levels of physical activity (PA) and sports activity (Sport) in patients with multiple sclerosis (pMS, = 59) and chronic stroke (pStroke, = 67) and test compliance with the recommendation for health-promoting physical activity of the World-Health Organization (WHO). Secondly, we tested for differences between the groups of patients, and thirdly, we examined relationships between PA and Sport with psychological indicators of perceived energy (fatigue and vitality) and self-beliefs (self-efficacy and self-control). Psychological constructs were assessed with validated measures from different disciplines in Psychology. A statistical aim was to describe interpretations gained by (non-) parametric Bayesian and Null-Hypothesis-Significance Testing statistics (NHST) on the example of the conducted tests for differences and relationships. Descriptive analyses revealed that pMS and pStroke complied with recommendations of the WHO, but with large variance indicating that patient groups are not homogenous. Tests for differences showed that the PA difference between pMS and pStroke can be attributed to the higher proportion of women in the pMS sample as they engage more in household chores (important part of PA). Tests for relationships showed that for pStroke, vitality, self-control, and self-efficacy were positively related to the level of sports activity. Furthermore, pStroke who were sport active had lower fatigue and higher self-control and self-efficacy scores than sport inactive people. Although they address slightly different questions, the Bayesian and the NHST approach led to similar general conclusions.
体育活动可以抵消一些与慢性神经疾病相关的负面后果。在此，我们描述了多发性硬化症患者（pMS，n = 59）和慢性中风患者（pStroke，n = 67）的体育活动（PA）和运动活动（Sport）水平，并测试了他们对世界卫生组织（WHO）促进健康体育活动建议的依从性。其次，我们测试了患者组之间的差异，第三，我们研究了PA和Sport与感知能量（疲劳和活力）及自我信念（自我效能和自我控制）的心理指标之间的关系。心理结构通过心理学不同学科的有效测量方法进行评估。一个统计目标是以进行差异和关系测试为例，描述通过（非）参数贝叶斯和零假设显著性检验统计（NHST）获得的解释。描述性分析表明，pMS和pStroke符合WHO的建议，但差异较大，表明患者组并非同质。差异测试表明，pMS和pStroke之间的PA差异可归因于pMS样本中女性比例较高，因为她们更多地参与家务（PA的重要组成部分）。关系测试表明，对于pStroke，活力、自我控制和自我效能与运动活动水平呈正相关。此外，积极运动的pStroke患者比不运动的患者疲劳程度更低，自我控制和自我效能得分更高。尽管它们解决的问题略有不同，但贝叶斯方法和NHST方法得出了相似的总体结论。
