Du Zhongquan, Li Jingjing, Huang Jiaai, Ma Jing, Xu Xiaoyu, Zou Rong, Xu Xia
Graduate School, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China.
College of Health Science, Wuhan Sport University, Wuhan, China.
Front Psychol. 2021 Jan 28;11:604113. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.604113. eCollection 2020.
While previous studies have suggested that there exists a relationship between obesity and executive function (EF), the mechanisms and causal relationship between them remain unclear. There are important clinical implications of determining whether EF can predict and treat obesity. We conducted a multilevel meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and longitudinal studies. Specifically, we investigate (a) whether EF interventions have an effect on weight loss, (b) whether baseline EF can be a predictor of future weight loss through obesity intervention, and (c) whether early-life EF can predict future weight loss. Eight RCTs and 17 longitudinal studies with a total of 11,393 participants were identified. We found that (a) EF interventions may not have an effect on weight loss, (b) baseline inhibition (β = 0.259, = 0.03) and delay discounting (β = -0.17, = 0.04) significantly predict future weight loss through obesity intervention, (c) age ( = 13.666, = 0.005) moderates the relationship between working memory and weight loss through intervention, but not weight status, type of intervention, and percentage of female, and (d) early life inhibition (β = 0.185, = 0.07) is a marginally significant predictor of future weight loss. Our results seem to support the assumption that the relationship between EF and obesity is not direct, and a higher-order factor, such as genes, may link obesity and EF. Building on the preliminary findings, further studies focusing on EF and obesity are needed in the future.
虽然先前的研究表明肥胖与执行功能（EF）之间存在关联，但其机制及因果关系仍不明确。确定执行功能是否能够预测和治疗肥胖具有重要的临床意义。我们对随机对照试验（RCT）和纵向研究进行了多层次荟萃分析。具体而言，我们调查了：（a）执行功能干预对体重减轻是否有影响；（b）基线执行功能是否可作为肥胖干预后未来体重减轻的预测指标；（c）早期生活中的执行功能是否能够预测未来的体重减轻。我们共纳入了8项随机对照试验和17项纵向研究，总计11393名参与者。我们发现：（a）执行功能干预可能对体重减轻没有影响；（b）基线抑制（β = 0.259， = 0.03）和延迟折扣（β = -0.17， = 0.04）通过肥胖干预显著预测未来体重减轻；（c）年龄（ = 13.666， = 0.005）调节工作记忆与通过干预实现的体重减轻之间的关系，但不调节体重状况、干预类型和女性比例；（d）早期生活中的抑制（β = 0.185， = 0.07）是未来体重减轻的边缘显著预测指标。我们的结果似乎支持这样一种假设，即执行功能与肥胖之间的关系不是直接的，可能存在一个更高阶的因素，如基因，将肥胖和执行功能联系起来。基于初步研究结果，未来需要进一步开展针对执行功能与肥胖的研究。
