Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.
Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2021 Apr;45(4):773-783. doi: 10.1111/acer.14575. Epub 2021 Mar 3.
The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic created disruptions and stressors which may have influenced alcohol consumption frequency trends. Varying COVID-19 health burden and alcohol policies may have contributed to different consumption trends between states. The aim of this study is to assess trends in alcohol consumption and moderation by state of residence.
We examined trends in adult drinking days, during the first wave of the pandemic (March 10 to June 8) using longitudinal data from the Understanding America Study (N = 6,172 unique participants; N = 28,059 observations). Because state mandates were responsive to disease burden, we modeled the interaction of time by COVID-19 burden, defined as whether the state had the median (or higher) daily incidence of COVID-19 cases on the survey date, and state random effects. We controlled for individual sociodemographics, perceived personal/familial COVID-19 burden, mental health symptomology, and risk avoidance.
Drinking days increased throughout the duration (incidence risk ratio [IRR] for drinking per increase in one calendar day = 1.003, 95% CI 1.001, 1.004); trends were heterogeneous by disease burden, with individuals living in states with lower COVID-19 burden increasing (IRR = 1.005, 95% CI 1.003, 1.007) faster than those living in states with higher COVID-19 burden (IRR = 1.000, 95% CI 0.998, 1.002). Trends were heterogeneous between states, but there was no evidence of systematic geographic clustering of state trends.
Drinking days increased during the first months of the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly among residents of states with lower disease burden.
SARS-CoV-2 大流行造成了干扰和压力，这可能影响了饮酒频率的趋势。不同的 COVID-19 健康负担和酒精政策可能导致各州之间的消费趋势不同。本研究的目的是评估按居住州划分的酒精消费和适度饮酒趋势。
我们使用理解美国研究（Understanding America Study）的纵向数据，在大流行的第一波期间（3 月 10 日至 6 月 8 日），检查了成年人饮酒天数的趋势（N=6172 个独特参与者；N=28059 个观察值）。由于州政府的命令是对疾病负担做出反应的，因此我们根据 COVID-19 负担（定义为州在调查日期的每日病例中位数（或更高））和州随机效应，对时间的相互作用进行了建模。我们控制了个人社会人口统计学、个人/家庭 COVID-19 负担、心理健康症状和风险回避因素。
在整个期间，饮酒天数都在增加（每增加一个日历日的饮酒频率风险比[IRR]为 1.003，95%CI 1.001，1.004）；疾病负担不同，趋势也不同，COVID-19 负担较低的州的居民增加速度较快（IRR=1.005，95%CI 1.003，1.007），而 COVID-19 负担较高的州的居民增加速度较慢（IRR=1.000，95%CI 0.998，1.002）。各州之间的趋势存在异质性，但没有证据表明州趋势存在系统的地理聚类。
在 COVID-19 大流行的头几个月，饮酒天数增加了，特别是在疾病负担较低的州的居民中。
