Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
J Exp Bot. 2021 May 4;72(10):3504-3512. doi: 10.1093/jxb/erab067.
Plant cells contain two types of vacuoles, the lytic vacuole (LV) and protein storage vacuole (PSV). LVs are present in vegetative cells, whereas PSVs are found in seed cells. The physiological functions of the two types of vacuole differ. Newly synthesized proteins must be transported to these vacuoles via protein trafficking through the endomembrane system for them to function. Recently, significant advances have been made in elucidating the molecular mechanisms of protein trafficking to these organelles. Despite these advances, the relationship between the trafficking mechanisms to the LV and PSV remains unclear. Some aspects of the trafficking mechanisms are common to both types of vacuole, but certain aspects are specific to trafficking to either the LV or PSV. In this review, we summarize recent findings on the components involved in protein trafficking to both the LV and PSV and compare them to examine the extent of overlap in the trafficking mechanisms. In addition, we discuss the interconnection between the LV and PSV provided by the protein trafficking machinery and the implications for the identity of these organelles.
植物细胞含有两种类型的液泡，即溶酶体（LV）和蛋白储存液泡（PSV）。LV 存在于营养细胞中，而 PSV 则存在于种子细胞中。这两种液泡的生理功能不同。新合成的蛋白质必须通过内质网系统的蛋白质运输途径运输到这些液泡中才能发挥作用。最近，在阐明蛋白质向这些细胞器运输的分子机制方面取得了重大进展。尽管取得了这些进展，但 LV 和 PSV 的运输机制之间的关系仍不清楚。某些运输机制在两种液泡中是共同的，但某些方面是特定于 LV 或 PSV 的运输。在这篇综述中，我们总结了最近关于蛋白质向 LV 和 PSV 运输所涉及的成分的发现，并对其进行了比较，以检查运输机制的重叠程度。此外，我们还讨论了蛋白质运输机制提供的 LV 和 PSV 之间的连接以及对这些细胞器身份的影响。
