Minimally Invasive Surgery Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Arch Iran Med. 2021 Jan 1;24(1):48-57. doi: 10.34172/aim.2021.08.
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are one of the greatest threats to public health, and have been related to poor quality dietary patterns. This study was conducted to determine the distribution of dietary risk factors in Iran.
Cross-sectional data was gathered between April and November 2016 from 30,541 eligible adults (out of 31 050 individuals who were selected through systematic proportional to size cluster random sampling) living in urban and rural areas, using the WHO-based STEPs risk factor questionnaire. Low intakes of fruits, vegetables, dairy products, and fish, and high intakes of salty processed food (SPF), as well as daily intake of hydrogenated fat (HF) were considered as nutritional risk factors.
At the national level, 82.8% (95% CI: 82.4-83.2), 57.8% (95% CI: 57.2-58.4), 80.6% (95% CI: 80.1-81) and 90.3% (95% CI: 90-90.6) of participants of all age groups had sub-optimal intakes of fruits, vegetables, dairy products and fish, respectively. Furthermore, 12.8% (95% CI: 12.4-13.1), and 29.4% (95% CI: 28.9-29.9) of respondents had high SPF intakes and HF use, respectively. At the sub-national level, the highest distribution of suboptimal intake of fruits (97.2%; 95% CI:96-98.3), vegetables (79.2%; 95% CI: 76.3-82.1) and dairy products (92.9%; 95% CI: 91-94.7) was observed in Sistan and Baluchistan. Except for Boushehr and Hormozgan, the majority of the population of other provinces consumed fish less than twice a week. Similarly, the high intake of SPF was found mostly in the population of Yazd (23.7; 95% CI: 20.2-27.2). HF consumption was the highest in North Khorasan (64.2%; 95% CI: 60.3-68.1).
These findings highlight the widespread distribution of dietary risk factors in Iran, which should be a priority for the people and the politicians in order to prevent NCDs.
非传染性疾病（NCDs）是对公众健康的最大威胁之一，与不良的膳食模式有关。本研究旨在确定伊朗饮食风险因素的分布情况。
2016 年 4 月至 11 月期间，采用世界卫生组织（WHO）基于 STEPs 风险因素问卷，从生活在城市和农村地区的 31050 名符合条件的成年人（通过系统比例分层随机抽样选出的 31050 人中的 30541 人）中收集了横断面数据。低水果、蔬菜、乳制品和鱼类摄入量，高盐加工食品（SPF）摄入量，以及每日摄入氢化脂肪（HF）被视为营养风险因素。
在全国范围内，所有年龄段人群中，水果、蔬菜、乳制品和鱼类的摄入量分别有 82.8%（95%CI：82.4-83.2）、57.8%（95%CI：57.2-58.4）、80.6%（95%CI：80.1-81）和 90.3%（95%CI：90-90.6）的人摄入量不足。此外，12.8%（95%CI：12.4-13.1）和 29.4%（95%CI：28.9-29.9）的受访者 SPF 摄入量高和 HF 使用量高。在次国家层面，锡斯坦和俾路支斯坦的水果（97.2%；95%CI：96-98.3）、蔬菜（79.2%；95%CI：76.3-82.1）和乳制品（92.9%；95%CI：91-94.7）摄入量不足的比例最高。除了布什尔省和霍尔木兹甘省外，其他省份的居民鱼类摄入量都不到每周两次。同样，在亚兹德省，SPF 的高摄入量主要见于该省居民（23.7%；95%CI：20.2-27.2）。HF 的消费在北呼罗珊省最高（64.2%；95%CI：60.3-68.1）。
这些发现突显了伊朗饮食风险因素的广泛分布，这应成为民众和政治家的优先事项，以预防非传染性疾病。
