Research Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, UCL, London, UK
Research Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, UCL, London, UK.
BMJ Open. 2021 Feb 15;11(2):e040540. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-040540.
Quantify income-based inequalities in self-reported moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in England and the USA by sex.
Population-based cross-sectional study.
4019 adolescents aged 11-15 years in England (Health Survey for England 2008, 2012, 2015) and 4312 aged 12-17 years in the US (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007-2016).
Three aspects of MVPA: (1) doing any, (2) average min/day (MVPA: including those who did none) and (3) average min/day conditional on participation (MVPA active). Using hurdle models, inequalities were quantified using the absolute difference in marginal means (average marginal effects).
In England, adolescents in high-income households were more likely than those in low-income households to have done any formal sports/exercise in the last 7 days (boys: 11%; 95% CI 4% to 17%; girls: 13%; 95% CI 6% to 20%); girls in high-income households did more than their low-income counterparts (MVPA: 6 min/day, 95% CI 2 to 9). Girls in low-income households spent more time in informal activities than girls in high-income households (MVPA: 21 min/day; 95% CI 10 to 33), while boys in low-income versus high-income households spent longer in active travel (MVPA: 21 min/week; 95% CI 8 to 34). In the USA, in a typical week, recreational activity was greater among high-income versus low-income households (boys: 15 min/day; 95% CI 6 to 24; girls: 19 min/day; 95% CI 12 to 27). In contrast, adolescents in low-income versus high-income households were more likely to travel actively (boys: 11%; 95% CI 3% to 19%; girls: 10%; 95% CI 3% to 17%) and do more.
Policy actions and interventions are required to increase MVPA across all income groups in England and the USA. Differences in formal sports/exercise (England) and recreational (USA) activities suggest that additional efforts are required to reduce inequalities.
按性别量化英国和美国基于收入的中高强度身体活动（MVPA）自我报告的不平等。
基于人群的横断面研究。
4019 名 11-15 岁的青少年来自英格兰（2008 年、2012 年和 2015 年英格兰健康调查），4312 名 12-17 岁的青少年来自美国（2007-2016 年全国健康和营养检查调查）。
MVPA 的三个方面：（1）进行任何运动，（2）平均每日 min（MVPA：包括那些不运动的人）和（3）在参与的情况下平均每日 min（MVPA 活跃）。使用障碍模型，使用边缘均值的绝对差异（平均边缘效应）来量化不平等。
在英格兰，高收入家庭的青少年比低收入家庭的青少年更有可能在过去 7 天内进行任何形式的体育/锻炼（男孩：11%；95%CI 4%至 17%；女孩：13%；95%CI 6%至 20%）；高收入家庭的女孩比低收入家庭的女孩运动得更多（MVPA：6 分钟/天，95%CI 2 至 9）。低收入家庭的女孩比高收入家庭的女孩花更多的时间进行非正式活动（MVPA：21 分钟/天；95%CI 10 至 33），而低收入家庭的男孩比高收入家庭的男孩在积极的旅行中花费更长的时间（MVPA：21 分钟/周；95%CI 8 至 34）。在美国，在典型的一周内，高收入家庭比低收入家庭进行更多的娱乐活动（男孩：15 分钟/天；95%CI 6 至 24；女孩：19 分钟/天；95%CI 12 至 27）。相比之下，低收入家庭的青少年比高收入家庭的青少年更有可能积极出行（男孩：11%；95%CI 3%至 19%；女孩：10%；95%CI 3%至 17%）并且活动更多。
需要在英格兰和美国采取政策行动和干预措施，以增加所有收入群体的 MVPA。在英国，体育活动（英格兰）和娱乐活动（美国）方面的差异表明，需要做出更多努力来减少不平等。
