Sport and Physical Activity Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, United Kingdom.
Department of Psychology, Sociology and Politics, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, United Kingdom.
Front Public Health. 2023 Aug 16;11:1235086. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1235086. eCollection 2023.
It is evident that physical activity (PA) programmes implemented in schools were not effective in improving PA behaviours among adolescents. This study investigated students' perceptions of barriers to PA among inactive English adolescents in secondary schools based on the Capability, Opportunity, Motivation, and Behaviour (COM-B) model, the Behaviour Change Wheel (BCW), and Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF). The study compared barriers faced by inactive and active groups participating in sports and PA in secondary schools to identify sources of behaviour contributing to inactivity.
A pre-intervention online survey was distributed to affiliated schools by 233 Teaching Schools Alliances (TSAs) as part of the monitoring and evaluation of the Secondary Teacher Training study. Data were cross-tabulated to analyse activity levels and behavioural barriers for active and inactive groups, using the COM-B domains. The research team followed a seven-step process to categorise barriers based on their relevant domain in the TDF mapped to the COM-B.
The findings were derived from one of the most extensive surveys of adolescents ever undertaken involving 200,623 active and 8,231 inactive respondents. The study identified 52 barriers and 68 behaviours that prevent adolescents from participating in PA. Psychological and social barriers were found to affect all activity levels, genders, and ethnic groups, with a lack of confidence and self-consciousness being the most prevalent. Certain demographic groups, such as those from minority ethnic groups and disabled individuals, were found to be overrepresented among inactive populations. The finding of the study indicated that there were common barriers that affected both inactive and active groups, with further similarity when examining barriers between active and inactive girls. The study also found that girls were more likely to experience the main barriers compared to boys, while inactive boys were more likely to encounter these barriers compared to active boys. The findings suggest that common barriers could be addressed across the population, while recognising some differences in demographics, and the need to provide personalised support. Targeted interventions are also suggested for all girls and inactive boys.
This study highlights the range of barriers that impact adolescents and provides insight into potential mechanisms for behaviour change, including intervention functions, policy categories, and evidence-based behaviour change tools. The study highlights the need for further research to address the barriers to PA among adolescents, particularly those who are inactive. Utilising the findings of this study, future research should investigate the effectiveness of novel digital exercise interventions and policies in increasing PA levels among children and adolescents. Complex digital exercise interventions, including conversational AI solutions, could provide personalised tools to identify and revolutionise support around the multitude of barriers that impact adolescents globally."For the purpose of open access, the author has applied a Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) licence to any Author Accepted Manuscript version arising from this submission."
很明显，在学校实施的体育活动（PA）计划并没有有效提高青少年的 PA 行为。本研究基于能力、机会、动机和行为（COM-B）模型、行为改变车轮（BCW）和理论领域框架（TDF），调查了英国中学不活跃青少年 PA 障碍的感知。该研究比较了参与中学体育和 PA 的不活跃和活跃群体所面临的障碍，以确定导致不活跃的行为来源。
作为中学教师培训研究监测和评估的一部分，233 个教学联盟（TSA）通过附属学校分发了一项预干预在线调查。使用 COM-B 领域对活动水平和不活跃和活跃组的行为障碍进行交叉制表分析。研究团队遵循一个七步过程，根据 TDF 中与 COM-B 相关的相关领域对障碍进行分类。
本研究结果来自于对青少年进行的最广泛的调查之一，涉及 200623 名活跃和 8231 名不活跃的受访者。研究确定了 52 个障碍和 68 个阻止青少年参与 PA 的行为。发现心理和社会障碍影响所有活动水平、性别和族裔群体，缺乏信心和自我意识是最普遍的。某些群体，如少数族裔群体和残疾人士，在不活跃人群中比例过高。研究结果表明，存在影响不活跃和活跃群体的共同障碍，在检查活跃和不活跃女孩之间的障碍时也存在相似之处。研究还发现，与男孩相比，女孩更有可能经历主要障碍，而与活跃男孩相比，不活跃男孩更有可能遇到这些障碍。研究结果表明，可以针对整个人群解决共同障碍，同时认识到人口统计数据的一些差异，并需要提供个性化支持。还建议对所有女孩和不活跃男孩进行有针对性的干预。
本研究强调了影响青少年的一系列障碍，并深入了解潜在的行为改变机制，包括干预功能、政策类别和基于证据的行为改变工具。该研究强调需要进一步研究解决青少年 PA 障碍，特别是那些不活跃的人的障碍。利用本研究的结果，未来的研究应调查新型数字运动干预措施和政策在提高儿童和青少年 PA 水平方面的有效性。复杂的数字运动干预措施，包括会话式人工智能解决方案，可以提供个性化工具，以确定并彻底改变影响全球青少年的众多障碍的支持。
