Gupta Vikas, Banavara Rajanna Lohith, Upadhyay Kiran, Bhatia Ritika, Madhav Reddy N, Malik Deepankar, Srivastava Anchita
Department of ENT-HNS, Command Hospital, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh India.
Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2021 Jun;73(2):218-225. doi: 10.1007/s12070-021-02391-5. Epub 2021 Feb 10.
Olfactory dysfunction (OD) and gustatory dysfunction (GD) has been reported as one of the presenting symptoms amongst COVID-19 patients. However the literature available is disjunct on this aspect. This study is conducted to identify the prevalence of olfactory and/or gustatory dysfunction in patients with coronavirus disease in Northern part of India. It's a cross-sectional observation study, conducted over 387 COVID-19 positive patients, at ENT dept of tertiary care hospital. A retrospective survey was conducted using a pre designed questionnaire and details of Olfactory and Gustatory dysfunction was collected. The patient's demographic details, disease course and recovery time for olfactory (OD) and/or gustatory dysfunctions (GD) were collected. A total of 387 patients with COVID-19 completed the study. 228 (58.9%) patients suffered from influenza like illness (ILI) (fever, sore throat, dry cough, malaise, and myalgia). There was significant positive association seen between with ILI and OD and / or GD. 167/387 (43.15%) patients reported OD, and 153/387 (39.53%) reported GD. 43.71% and 50.3% patients had mild OD & GD respectively. Recovery rates for both OD and GD are high and almost similar, with 161 (96.4%) and 148 (96.73%) patients had complete recovery of smell and taste. Maximum recovery was noticed between 4 and 6 weeks. COVID-19 patients with habits have significantly high probability of developing OD &/or GD. There is a significant correlation between OD and GD and there is high probability that patients who reported to have OD will also have GD or vice versa. Prevalence of OD and GD in Indian population may not be as high as mentioned in western literature, however, both are frequent and early symptoms of COVID-19. Recent onset of these should be considered as red flag symptoms for COVID-19.
嗅觉功能障碍（OD）和味觉功能障碍（GD）已被报告为新冠病毒疾病（COVID-19）患者的症状之一。然而，现有文献在这方面并不一致。本研究旨在确定印度北部冠状病毒病患者中嗅觉和/或味觉功能障碍的患病率。这是一项横断面观察研究，在一家三级护理医院的耳鼻喉科对387名COVID-19阳性患者进行。使用预先设计的问卷进行回顾性调查，并收集嗅觉和味觉功能障碍的详细信息。收集了患者的人口统计学细节、疾病病程以及嗅觉（OD）和/或味觉功能障碍（GD）的恢复时间。共有387名COVID-19患者完成了研究。228名（58.9%）患者患有流感样疾病（ILI）（发热、喉咙痛、干咳、不适和肌痛）。ILI与OD和/或GD之间存在显著的正相关。167/387（43.15%）的患者报告有OD，153/387（39.53%）的患者报告有GD。分别有43.71%和50.3%的患者患有轻度OD和GD。OD和GD的恢复率都很高且几乎相似，分别有161名（96.4%）和148名（96.73%）患者的嗅觉和味觉完全恢复。最大恢复时间出现在4至6周之间。有习惯的COVID-19患者发生OD和/或GD的可能性显著更高。OD和GD之间存在显著相关性，报告有OD的患者也很可能有GD，反之亦然。印度人群中OD和GD的患病率可能不像西方文献中提到的那么高，然而，两者都是COVID-19常见且早期的症状。近期出现这些症状应被视为COVID-19的警示症状。
