MEDICS Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, Interdisciplinary Center of Excellence, University of Szeged, Szeged, 6720, Hungary.
Department of Oncotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, 6720, Hungary.
Clin Res Cardiol. 2021 Apr;110(4):507-531. doi: 10.1007/s00392-021-01809-y. Epub 2021 Feb 16.
Cancer management has undergone significant improvements, which led to increased long-term survival rates among cancer patients. Radiotherapy (RT) has an important role in the treatment of thoracic tumors, including breast, lung, and esophageal cancer, or Hodgkin's lymphoma. RT aims to kill tumor cells; however, it may have deleterious side effects on the surrounding normal tissues. The syndrome of unwanted cardiovascular adverse effects of thoracic RT is termed radiation-induced heart disease (RIHD), and the risk of developing RIHD is a critical concern in current oncology practice. Premature ischemic heart disease, cardiomyopathy, heart failure, valve abnormalities, and electrical conduct defects are common forms of RIHD. The underlying mechanisms of RIHD are still not entirely clear, and specific therapeutic interventions are missing. In this review, we focus on the molecular pathomechanisms of acute and chronic RIHD and propose preventive measures and possible pharmacological strategies to minimize the burden of RIHD.
癌症的治疗方法已经取得了显著的进步，这使得癌症患者的长期生存率得到了提高。放射治疗（RT）在胸部肿瘤的治疗中起着重要作用，包括乳腺癌、肺癌、食管癌或霍奇金淋巴瘤。RT 的目的是杀死肿瘤细胞；然而，它可能对周围的正常组织产生有害的副作用。胸部 RT 导致的心血管不良作用的综合征被称为放射性心脏病（RIHD），在当前肿瘤学实践中，发生 RIHD 的风险是一个关键问题。过早的缺血性心脏病、心肌病、心力衰竭、瓣膜异常和电传导缺陷是 RIHD 的常见形式。RIHD 的潜在机制尚不完全清楚，也缺乏特定的治疗干预措施。在这篇综述中，我们重点讨论了急性和慢性 RIHD 的分子发病机制，并提出了预防措施和可能的药理学策略，以减轻 RIHD 的负担。
