Department of Human Movement Studies and Human Motion Diagnostic Centre, The University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic.
Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand (SPRINZ), Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand.
Nutr Res. 2021 Mar;87:22-30. doi: 10.1016/j.nutres.2020.12.012. Epub 2020 Dec 10.
This study aimed to investigate the effect of a 12-week very low-carbohydrate, high-fat (VLCHF) diet and exercise on biomarkers of inflammation in healthy individuals. Since the anti-inflammatory effects of a ketogenic diet have been established, we hypothesized that the VLCHF diet, along with exercise, would have an additional favorable effect on biomarkers of inflammation. Twenty-four healthy individuals were allocated to the VLCHF diet (VLCHF: N = 12, age 25.3 ± 2.0 years, body mass 66.7 ± 9.8 kg, fat mass 21.5% ± 4.9%), or habitual diet (HD: N = 12, age 23.9 ± 3.8 years, body mass 72.7 ± 15.0 kg, fat mass 23.4 ± 8.4 %) group. Biomarkers of inflammation (adiponectin, leptin, and high-sensitive interleukin-6 [hs-IL-6]) and substrate metabolism (glycated hemoglobin, fasting glucose, triacylglycerides, and cholesterol) were analyzed from blood at baseline and after 12 weeks. The adiponectin-leptin ratio significantly increased in the VLCHF group after the intervention period (ES [95% CL]: -0.90 [-0.96, -0.77], P ≤ .001, BF = 22.15). The adiponectin-leptin ratio changes were associated with both a significant increase in adiponectin (-0.79 [-0.91, -0.54], P ≤ .001, BF = 9.43) and a significant decrease in leptin (0.58 [0.19, 0.81], P = .014, BF = 2.70). There was moderate evidence of changes in total cholesterol (-1.15 [-2.01, -0.27], P = .010, BF = 5.20), and LDL cholesterol (-1.12 [-2.01, -0.21], P = .016, BF = 4.56) in the VLCHF group. Body weight (kg) and fat mass (%) decreased in the VLCHF group by 5.4% and 14.9%, respectively. We found that in healthy young individuals, consuming a VLCHF diet while performing regular exercise over a 12-week period produced favorable changes in body weight and fat mass along with beneficial changes in serum adiponectin and leptin concentrations. These data support the use of a VLCHF diet strategy for the primary prevention of chronic diseases associated with systemic low-grade inflammation.
这项研究旨在探讨为期 12 周的极低碳水化合物、高脂肪（VLCHF）饮食和运动对健康个体炎症生物标志物的影响。由于生酮饮食具有抗炎作用，我们假设 VLCHF 饮食加上运动对炎症生物标志物会有额外的有利影响。24 名健康个体被分配到 VLCHF 饮食组（VLCHF：N = 12，年龄 25.3 ± 2.0 岁，体重 66.7 ± 9.8kg，体脂 21.5% ± 4.9%）或习惯饮食（HD：N = 12，年龄 23.9 ± 3.8 岁，体重 72.7 ± 15.0kg，体脂 23.4 ± 8.4%）组。在基线和 12 周后，从血液中分析炎症生物标志物（脂联素、瘦素和高敏白细胞介素-6 [hs-IL-6]）和底物代谢（糖化血红蛋白、空腹血糖、三酰甘油和胆固醇）。VLCHF 组在干预后脂联素-瘦素比值显著增加（ES[95%CL]：-0.90[-0.96，-0.77]，P ≤.001，BF = 22.15）。脂联素-瘦素比值的变化与脂联素显著增加（-0.79[-0.91，-0.54]，P ≤.001，BF = 9.43）和瘦素显著减少（0.58[0.19，0.81]，P =.014，BF = 2.70）相关。VLCHF 组总胆固醇（-1.15[-2.01，-0.27]，P =.010，BF = 5.20）和 LDL 胆固醇（-1.12[-2.01，-0.21]，P =.016，BF = 4.56）有中等证据的变化。VLCHF 组体重（kg）和体脂（%）分别下降了 5.4%和 14.9%。我们发现，在健康的年轻人中，12 周内摄入 VLCHF 饮食并进行常规运动，体重和体脂均有有利变化，血清脂联素和瘦素浓度也有有益变化。这些数据支持使用 VLCHF 饮食策略作为与全身低度炎症相关的慢性疾病的一级预防。
