Life Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Guwahati-781035, Assam, India.
Mini Rev Med Chem. 2021;21(20):3113-3143. doi: 10.2174/1389557521666210217094152.
Garcinia pedunculata Roxb.(GP) belongs to the family of Clusiaceae and is an evergreen tree that grows in semi-wild conditions and is widely distributed throughout the Northeastern part of India. Traditionally, this plant is believed to be of immense medicinal importance and is used for the treatment of various ailments. In Assam, the acidic fruit of GP is effectively used in folklore medicine to treat gastrointestinal disorders and is an integral part of ethnic Assamese cuisine. The ripe fruit, seldom consumed fresh or raw, is cut into thin slices, sun-dried for preservation as it is believed that the medicinal property of the fruit increases as it ages. With much traditional claims and beliefs regarding the medicinal properties of this plant, many therapeutic potentials of GP have been explored through research till now, including its antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, anthelmintic, hypolipidemic, antidiabetic, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, and nephroprotective properties. Moreover, the presence of polyphenols, flavonoids along with bioactive components like hydroxycitric acid, garcinol, and cambogin have also been reported from this plant, thereby increasing its research avenues. Even with the available knowledge, there is a huge lacking in the understanding of its underlying molecular mechanism responsible for the therapeutic properties, pharmacological mode of action, and its effect in different pathological conditions, along with detailed information about its chemical composition. This review mainly aims to summarise the potentially beneficial properties of GP that have already been reported, along with identifying the new avenues that still need to be addressed, thereby increasing the future prospect for in-depth research on this plant, along with its distribution and conservation status.
藤黄属（Garcinia pedunculata Roxb.）属于藤黄科，是一种常绿乔木，生长在半野生环境中，广泛分布于印度东北部。传统上，这种植物被认为具有巨大的药用价值，可用于治疗各种疾病。在阿萨姆邦，藤黄的酸性果实被民间医学有效地用于治疗胃肠道疾病，是阿萨姆民族饮食的重要组成部分。成熟的果实很少新鲜或生食用，通常切成薄片，晒干保存，因为人们认为果实的药用价值会随着时间的推移而增加。由于对这种植物的药用特性有很多传统的说法和信仰，因此迄今为止，通过研究已经探索了藤黄的许多治疗潜力，包括其抗氧化、抗菌、抗真菌、驱虫、降血脂、抗糖尿病、保肝、神经保护和肾保护特性。此外，还从这种植物中发现了多酚、类黄酮以及生物活性成分，如羟基柠檬酸、藤黄酚和藤黄宁，从而增加了其研究途径。即使有现有的知识，人们对其负责治疗特性的潜在分子机制、药理作用模式以及在不同病理条件下的作用，以及其化学成分的详细信息，仍然知之甚少。这篇综述主要旨在总结已经报道的藤黄的潜在有益特性，并确定仍需解决的新途径，从而增加对这种植物进行深入研究的未来前景，以及其分布和保护状况。
