Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Department of Health Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands.
BMC Pediatr. 2021 Feb 17;21(1):84. doi: 10.1186/s12887-021-02548-9.
Moderately-late preterm (MLP) children (gestational age [GA] 32-36 weeks) are followed-up within community services, which often use developmental milestones as indicators of delay. We aimed to examine associations of parental report of smiling-age and walking-age with developmental delay upon school entry for MLP and full-term children.
This study regards a community-based cohort study, including 1241 children. Parent-reported smiling-age (n = 514) and walking-age (n = 1210) were recorded in preventive child healthcare. To determine developmental delay at school entry (at age 4) we used the Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ) total and domain scores. We assessed the association of smiling-age and walking-age with dichotomized ASQ-scores, using logistic regression analyses.
For MLP children, each week later corrected smiling-age was associated with a relative increased likelihood of delays of 31, 43, 36 and 35% in the personal-social, problem-solving, gross motor and general developmental functioning, respectively. Each month later corrected walking-age was associated with a relative increased likelihood of delays of 10, 15 and 13% in the personal-social, gross motor and general developmental functioning, respectively. All corrected smiling-ages and walking-ages were within normal full-term ranges. For full-term children, we only found that later walking-age was associated with delays in the personal-social and gross motor domains.
Smiling-age and walking-age are associated with developmental delay in several domains for MLP and full-term children. Professionals could use these milestones to identify children that may benefit from closer monitoring of their development.
Clinical Trial Registry name and registration number: controlled-trials.com , ISRCTN80622320 .
中度早产儿（GA 32-36 周）在社区服务机构中接受随访，这些机构通常使用发育里程碑作为发育迟缓的指标。我们旨在研究父母报告的微笑年龄和行走年龄与中度早产儿和足月儿童入学时发育迟缓的相关性。
本研究是一项基于社区的队列研究，共纳入 1241 名儿童。在预防儿童保健中记录了父母报告的微笑年龄（n=514）和行走年龄（n=1210）。为了确定入学时（4 岁）的发育迟缓情况，我们使用了年龄与阶段问卷（ASQ）的总得分和各领域得分。我们使用逻辑回归分析评估了微笑年龄和行走年龄与二分类 ASQ 得分的相关性。
对于中度早产儿，校正后每延迟一周的微笑年龄与个人-社会、解决问题、粗大运动和一般发育功能领域分别延迟的相对可能性增加 31%、43%、36%和 35%相关。校正后行走年龄每延迟一个月与个人-社会、粗大运动和一般发育功能领域分别延迟的相对可能性增加 10%、15%和 13%相关。所有校正后的微笑年龄和行走年龄均在正常足月范围内。对于足月儿童，我们只发现行走年龄较晚与个人-社会和粗大运动领域的发育迟缓有关。
微笑年龄和行走年龄与中度早产儿和足月儿童的几个领域的发育迟缓有关。专业人员可以使用这些里程碑来识别可能需要更密切监测其发育的儿童。
临床试验注册号：controlled-trials.com ，ISRCTN80622320。
