Koshiba Mamiko, Watarai-Senoo Aya, Karino Genta, Ozawa Shimpei, Kamei Yoshimasa, Honda Yoshiko, Tanaka Ikuko, Kodama Tohru, Usui Setsuo, Tokuno Hironobu
Engineering Department, Yamaguchi University, Ube City, Japan.
Pediatrics, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan.
Front Behav Neurosci. 2021 Feb 2;14:539411. doi: 10.3389/fnbeh.2020.539411. eCollection 2020.
The prevalence of neurodevelopmental psychiatric disorders such as pervasive developmental disorders is rapidly increasing worldwide. Although these developmental disorders are known to be influenced by an individual's genetic background, the potential biological responses to early life's environmental exposure to both physical and psychological factors must also be considered. Many studies have acknowledged the influence of shorter time for rest at night and the simultaneous occurrence of various kinds of complications involving developmental disorders. In a prior study, we examined how a common marmoset's (Callithrix jacchus) psychosocial development was affected when it was reared under constant daylight from birth and then reared individually by humans nursing them under constant light (LL) during their juvenile development stages. The behaviors of these marmosets were compared with those of normal day-night cycle (LD) marmosets using a multivariate analysis based on principal component analysis (PCA). That study found that LL marmosets relatively elicited egg-like calls (Ecall) and side-to-side shakes of the upper body with rapid head rotation through adulthood frequently. Based on the PCA, these behaviors were interpreted as "alert" or "hyperactive" states. However, we did not clarify susceptible periods of the photic rhythm loss experience and the psychological development output. In this study we summarize the following studies in our model animal colonies involving 30 animals (11 female, 19 males) to further explore critical age states of inquiry about each social behavior profiling. We compared social behaviors of three age stages, juvenile, adolescent and young adult equivalent to one another in four LL experience conditions, LL (postnatal day (P) 0 to around 150), Middle (P60-149, 90 days), Late (P150-239, 90 days), and LD (no experience). In the most representative 1st and 2nd principal component scores, the shifting to higher frequency of alert behaviors developed at the adult stage in LL, Middle, then Late in turn. The no LL experience group, LD, generally featured higher frequency of local preference of high position compared to LL experience present groups, in adulthood. This limited model primate study might inspire different developmental age sensitive mechanisms of neuronal network to control socio-emotional functions by utilizing the multivariate visualization method, BOUQUET. This study could potentially contribute to nurturing educational designs for social developmental disorders.
诸如广泛性发育障碍等神经发育性精神疾病在全球范围内的患病率正在迅速上升。尽管已知这些发育障碍受个体遗传背景的影响，但也必须考虑个体在生命早期暴露于身体和心理因素等环境中可能产生的生物学反应。许多研究已经认识到夜间休息时间缩短以及各种涉及发育障碍的并发症同时出现所产生的影响。在之前的一项研究中，我们研究了普通狨猴（Callithrix jacchus）从出生起就在持续光照下饲养，然后在幼年发育阶段由人类在持续光照（LL）下单独饲养时，其心理社会发展受到了怎样的影响。使用基于主成分分析（PCA）的多变量分析，将这些狨猴的行为与正常昼夜循环（LD）狨猴的行为进行了比较。该研究发现，LL组狨猴在成年后相对频繁地发出类似鸡蛋的叫声（Ecall），并伴有上半身左右摇晃和快速转头。基于主成分分析，这些行为被解释为“警觉”或“多动”状态。然而，我们并未阐明光节律丧失经历的易感期以及心理发展结果。在本研究中，我们在包含30只动物（11只雌性，19只雄性）的模型动物群体中总结了以下研究，以进一步探索关于每种社会行为特征调查的关键年龄状态。我们比较了在四种LL经历条件下（LL（出生后第（P）0天至约150天）、中期（P60 - 149天，90天）、晚期（P150 - 239天，90天））以及LD（无经历）下，相当于幼年、青少年和青年成年三个年龄阶段的社会行为。在最具代表性的第一和第二主成分得分中，LL组、中期组、晚期组成年阶段的警觉行为频率依次升高。与有LL经历的组相比，表示无LL经历的LD组在成年期通常具有更高频率的高位局部偏好。这项有限的灵长类动物模型研究可能通过使用多变量可视化方法BOUQUET，激发不同发育年龄对神经网络控制社会情感功能的敏感机制。本研究可能有助于为社会发育障碍制定培养教育设计方案。
