Royal Holloway, University of London, London, UK.
Transport Research Laboratory, Crowthorne, UK.
Cogn Res Princ Implic. 2021 Feb 19;6(1):9. doi: 10.1186/s41235-021-00271-8.
The introduction of autonomous vehicles (AVs) could prevent many accidents attributable to human driver error. However, even entirely driverless vehicles will sometimes require remote human intervention. Current taxonomies of automated driving do not acknowledge the possibility of remote control of AVs or the challenges that are unique to such a driver in charge of a vehicle that they are not physically occupying. Yet there are significant differences between situation awareness (SA) in normal driving contexts and SA in these remote driving operations. We argue that the established understanding of automated driving requires updating to include the context of remote operation that is likely to come in to play at higher levels of automation. It is imperative to integrate the role of the remote operator within industry standard taxonomies, so that regulatory frameworks can be established with regards to the training required for remote operation, the necessary equipment and technology, and a comprehensive inventory of the use cases under which we could expect remote operation to be carried out. We emphasise the importance of designing control interfaces in a way that will maximise remote operator (RO) SA and we identify some principles for designing systems aimed at increasing an RO's sense of embodiment in the AV that requires temporary control.
自动驾驶汽车（AVs）的引入可以防止许多归因于人类驾驶员错误的事故。然而，即使是完全无人驾驶的车辆有时也需要远程人工干预。当前的自动驾驶分类法并没有承认远程控制 AV 的可能性，也没有认识到对于负责他们没有实际占据的车辆的驾驶员来说，这种远程控制所特有的挑战。然而，在正常驾驶环境和这些远程驾驶操作中的情境意识（SA）之间存在显著差异。我们认为，需要更新现有的自动化驾驶理解，以包括可能在更高自动化水平下发挥作用的远程操作的情境。至关重要的是，要将远程操作人员的角色纳入行业标准分类法中，以便能够就远程操作所需的培训、必要的设备和技术以及我们可能期望进行远程操作的用例清单建立监管框架。我们强调以最大化远程操作人员（RO）SA 的方式设计控制接口的重要性，并确定了一些设计旨在提高 RO 在需要临时控制的 AV 中的体现感的系统的原则。
