Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia.
Public Health and Policy Unit, School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia.
PLoS One. 2021 Feb 19;16(2):e0247267. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247267. eCollection 2021.
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a highly contagious pathogen that has become a severe public health problem and a major cause of morbidity and mortality, particularly in developing countries. Medical students are at high occupational risk during their training. However, no facility-based studies were found among medical students in eastern Ethiopia. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the seroprevalence of Hepatitis B Virus and associated factors among medical students in eastern Ethiopia.
A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 407 randomly selected medical students from March to June 2018. A pretested and structured questionnaire was used to collect data on socio-demographic characteristics and other risk factors. A 5ml blood was collected, and the serum was analyzed for Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) using the Instant Hepatitis B surface antigen kit. Data were entered using Epidata version 3.1 and analyzed using SPSS statistical packages version 22. Outcome and explanatory variables were described using descriptive summary measures. Binary and multivariable logistic regression was conducted at 95% CI and an association at P-value < 0.05 was declared statistically significant.
The seroprevalence of hepatitis B virus surface antigen was 11.5% (95%CI = 8.6, 14.7). Poor knowledge of universal precaution guideline (AOR = 2.58; 95% CI = [1.35-4.93]), history of needle stick injury (AOR = 2.11; 95% CI = [1.07-4.18]) and never been vaccinated for HBV (AOR = 2.34; 95% CI = [1.17-4.69]) were found statistically significantly associated with HBsAg positivity after multivariate analysis.
Hepatitis B virus infection rate is high among health care trainees in eastern Ethiopia. Improvement at health care practice centers safety through training on universal precaution guidelines, and scaling up HBV vaccination is mandatory.
乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）是一种具有高度传染性的病原体，已成为严重的公共卫生问题，也是发病率和死亡率的主要原因，尤其是在发展中国家。医学生在培训期间面临较高的职业风险。然而，在埃塞俄比亚东部，没有发现针对医学生的基于机构的研究。因此，本研究旨在调查埃塞俄比亚东部医学生中乙型肝炎病毒的血清流行率及其相关因素。
2018 年 3 月至 6 月，对 407 名随机选择的医学生进行了基于机构的横断面研究。使用经过预测试和结构化的问卷收集了社会人口统计学特征和其他危险因素的数据。采集 5ml 血液，使用即时乙型肝炎表面抗原试剂盒分析血清中的乙型肝炎表面抗原（HBsAg）。使用 Epidata 版本 3.1 输入数据，并使用 SPSS 统计软件包版本 22 进行分析。使用描述性总结措施描述结果和解释变量。采用二项和多变量逻辑回归，置信区间为 95%，P 值<0.05 表示具有统计学意义。
乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原的血清流行率为 11.5%（95%CI=8.6，14.7）。普遍预防准则知识差（AOR=2.58；95%CI=[1.35-4.93]）、有针刺伤史（AOR=2.11；95%CI=[1.07-4.18]）和从未接种过乙型肝炎病毒疫苗（AOR=2.34；95%CI=[1.17-4.69]）在多变量分析后被发现与 HBsAg 阳性有统计学显著关联。
在埃塞俄比亚东部，医疗保健培训生的乙型肝炎病毒感染率较高。通过培训普遍预防准则和扩大乙型肝炎病毒疫苗接种，必须改善医疗保健实践中心的安全性。
