Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y Sida (INBIRS). Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM). Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 2021 Apr;58:55-65. doi: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2021.01.003. Epub 2021 Feb 9.
SARS-CoV-2 is a recently identified coronavirus accountable for the current pandemic disease known as COVID-19. Different patterns of disease progression infer a diverse host immune response, with interferon (IFN) being pivotal. IFN-I and III are produced and released by virus-infected cells during the interplay with SARS-CoV-2, thus establishing an antiviral state in target cells. However, the efficacy of IFN and its role in the possible outcomes of the disease are not yet defined, as it is influenced both by factors inherent to the virus and to the host. The virus exhibits multiple strategies to counteract the innate immune response, including those shared by SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV and other novel ones. Inborn errors in the host may affect IFN-related effector proteins or decrease its levels in plasma upon neutralization by preexistent autoantibodies. This battle between the IFN response triggered upon SARS-CoV-2 infection, its magnitude and timing, and the efficacy of its antiviral tools in dispute against the viral evasion strategies together with the genetic factors of the host, generate a scenario whose fate contributes to defining the severity of COVID-19.
严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒 2 型（SARS-CoV-2）是一种新近鉴定的冠状病毒，可引发目前被称为 COVID-19 的大流行疾病。不同的疾病进展模式表明存在不同的宿主免疫反应，其中干扰素（IFN）是关键。在与 SARS-CoV-2 的相互作用过程中，病毒感染细胞会产生并释放Ⅰ型和Ⅲ型干扰素，从而在靶细胞中建立抗病毒状态。然而，IFN 的疗效及其在疾病可能结果中的作用尚不清楚，因为它既受病毒固有因素的影响，也受宿主固有因素的影响。该病毒表现出多种对抗先天免疫反应的策略，包括与 SARS-CoV 和 MERS-CoV 以及其他新型冠状病毒共享的策略。宿主中存在的先天缺陷可能会影响 IFN 相关效应蛋白，或者在预先存在的自身抗体中和后降低其在血浆中的水平。在 SARS-CoV-2 感染引发的 IFN 反应、其幅度和时机，以及其抗病毒工具对抗病毒逃逸策略的有效性之间的这场斗争，加上宿主的遗传因素，共同构成了一个决定 COVID-19 严重程度的情景。
