Department of Pediatrics, National School of Tropical Medicine, 3989Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA.
Statistical Science, 14643Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA.
HERD. 2021 Jul;14(3):49-64. doi: 10.1177/1937586721991535. Epub 2021 Feb 23.
This study investigated the stability of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on 16 common environmental surface materials.
SARS-CoV-2 is the causative agent of severe coronavirus disease, a significant public health concern that quickly led to a pandemic. Contamination of environmental surface materials is of concern, with previous studies identifying long-term detection of infectious particles on surfaces. These contaminated surfaces create an increased risk for contact transmission.
Surface materials were inoculated with 10,000 plaque forming units and samples were collected 4, 8, 12, 24, 30, 48, and 168 hours post infection (hpi). Viral titers were determined for each sample and time point using plaque assays. Nonparametric modeling utilized the Turnbull algorithm for interval-censored data. Maximum likelihood estimates for the survival curve were calculated. Parametric proportional hazards regression models for interval censored data were used to explore survival time across the surface materials.
There was a sharp decline in recoverable virus after 4 hpi for all tested surfaces. By 12 hpi, infectious SARS-CoV-2 was recoverable from only four surfaces; and by 30 hr, the virus was recoverable from only one surface. There were differences in survival curves based on the materials although some groups of materials are similar, both statistically and practically.
While very low amounts of infectious SARS-CoV-2 are recoverable over time, there remains a risk of viral transmission by surface contamination in indoor environments. Individuals and institutions must follow appropriate procedures to decontaminate indoor environment and increase diligence for hand hygiene and personal protective equipment.
本研究调查了严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒 2（SARS-CoV-2）在 16 种常见环境表面材料上的稳定性。
SARS-CoV-2 是导致严重冠状病毒病的病原体，这是一个严重的公共卫生问题，迅速导致了大流行。对环境表面材料的污染受到关注，先前的研究已经确定了在表面上长时间检测到传染性颗粒。这些受污染的表面增加了接触传播的风险。
将 10000 个噬菌斑形成单位接种到表面材料上，在感染后 4、8、12、24、30、48 和 168 小时收集样本。使用噬斑测定法测定每个样本和时间点的病毒滴度。使用 Turnbull 算法对区间 censored 数据进行非参数建模。计算生存曲线的最大似然估计。使用区间 censored 数据的参数比例风险回归模型来探索表面材料之间的生存时间。
所有测试的表面在感染后 4 小时内可回收的病毒数量急剧下降。到 12 小时时，只有四种表面可回收具有感染性的 SARS-CoV-2；到 30 小时时，只有一种表面可回收病毒。虽然有些材料组在统计学和实际意义上相似，但基于材料的生存曲线存在差异。
虽然随着时间的推移，可回收的具有感染性的 SARS-CoV-2 数量非常少，但在室内环境中，表面污染仍存在病毒传播的风险。个人和机构必须遵循适当的程序来对室内环境进行消毒，并更加注意手部卫生和个人防护设备。
