College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China.
Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol. 2021;179:189-210. doi: 10.1007/112_2020_47.
The development and function of a particular organ and the pathogenesis of various diseases remain intimately linked to the features of each cell type in the organ. Conventional messenger RNA- or protein-based methodologies often fail to elucidate the contribution of rare cell types, including some subpopulations of stem cells, short-lived progenitors and circulating tumour cells, thus hampering their applications in studies regarding organ development and diseases. The scRNA-seq technique represents a new approach for determining gene expression variability at the single-cell level. Organoids are new preclinical models that recapitulate complete or partial features of their original organ and are thought to be superior to cell models in mimicking the sophisticated spatiotemporal processes of the development and regeneration and diseases. In this review, we highlight recent advances in the field of scRNA-seq, organoids and their current applications and summarize the advantages of using a combination of scRNA-seq and organoid technology to model diseases and organ development.
特定器官的发育和功能以及各种疾病的发病机制仍然与器官中每种细胞类型的特征密切相关。传统的基于信使 RNA 或蛋白质的方法往往无法阐明稀有细胞类型（包括一些干细胞亚群、寿命短的祖细胞和循环肿瘤细胞）的贡献，从而限制了它们在器官发育和疾病研究中的应用。单细胞 RNA 测序技术代表了一种在单细胞水平上确定基因表达可变性的新方法。类器官是新的临床前模型，可再现其原始器官的完整或部分特征，并且被认为优于细胞模型，可以模拟发育、再生和疾病的复杂时空过程。在这篇综述中，我们强调了单细胞 RNA 测序、类器官及其当前应用领域的最新进展，并总结了结合使用单细胞 RNA 测序和类器官技术来模拟疾病和器官发育的优势。
