Microbiology Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria.
Department of Microbiology, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria.
PLoS One. 2021 Feb 23;16(2):e0247013. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247013. eCollection 2021.
Spread of genetically diverse Staphylococcus aureus characterized with multi-antibiotic resistance and regulated by high level agr functionalities in several communities in southwest Nigeria was investigated and evaluated for infection control. Staphylococcus aureus pathotypes recovered from 256 cases including purulent pus from skin infections, soft tissue aspirates, wounds, otorrhea, eye, throat and endocervical infections were assayed for biofilm and antibiogram. Further genotyped with micro-array, mapped for geospatial distribution and evaluated for clonal diversity and functional accessory gene regulators (agr). Significant Staphylococci infection among the ages (OR:0.021, CI:0.545-1.914) and female gender with prevalence rate of MSSA (53.0%) and MRSA (1.5%) (OR:1.021, CI:0.374-1.785) were observed. More than 52.5% resistance rates to tetracycline and amoxicillin with significant median resistance were observed in all the infection cases (p = 0.001). Resistance rate of 78.8% at MIC50 32μg/ml and MIC90 128μg/ml to amoxicillin-clavulanate, and more than 40% resistance to ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin and tetracycline of MIC90 and MIC50 at 32 μg/ml were observed. Strains with multi-antibiotic resistance index above 0.83, high beta-lactamase and strong biofilm clustered into separate phylo-group. Heterogeneous t442 (wound and pus), t657 (wound), t091 (ear) and t657 (ear and wound) revealed high phylogenetic diversity. Only 4.6% pvl+ MSSA-CC1 agrI, pvl+ MSSA-CC5 (13.6%) and pvl+ MRSA-CC7 agrII (4.6%), expressed enterotoxin, leukocidins, proteases and resistance gene determinants. Livestock clonal types clustered with identified community-associated strains. Clonal dissemination of resistant pvl+ MSSA-CC1 and MRSA-CC5 encoding agr were predominant in several peri-urban communities where adequate geno-surveillance, population-target antimicrobial stewardship, extensive community structured infection control programs are needed to prevent further focal dissemination.
在尼日利亚西南部的几个社区中，我们研究并评估了具有多种抗生素耐药性的遗传多样化金黄色葡萄球菌的传播情况，这些社区的金黄色葡萄球菌功能受高水平 agr 调控。我们对 256 例包括皮肤感染脓性脓液、软组织抽吸物、伤口、耳漏、眼、喉和宫颈感染在内的病例中分离出的金黄色葡萄球菌病原型进行了生物膜和抗生素敏感性测定。进一步用微阵列进行基因分型，绘制地理空间分布图谱，并评估克隆多样性和功能辅助基因调控（agr）。在年龄（比值比：0.021，95%置信区间：0.545-1.914）和女性中观察到显著的葡萄球菌感染，其中 MSSA（53.0%）和 MRSA（1.5%）的患病率（比值比：1.021，95%置信区间：0.374-1.785）。所有感染病例均观察到超过 52.5%的四环素和阿莫西林耐药率，且中位耐药率显著（p=0.001）。阿莫西林克拉维酸的 MIC50 为 32μg/ml，MIC90 为 128μg/ml，耐药率为 78.8%，MIC90 和 MIC50 为 32μg/ml 的头孢他啶、环丙沙星和四环素的耐药率均超过 40%。具有抗生素耐药指数超过 0.83、高β-内酰胺酶和强生物膜的菌株聚类到单独的 phylo 组中。异质性 t442（伤口和脓液）、t657（伤口）、t091（耳朵）和 t657（耳朵和伤口）显示出高度的系统发育多样性。仅 4.6%的 pvl+ MSSA-CC1 agrI、pvl+ MSSA-CC5（13.6%）和 pvl+ MRSA-CC7 agrII（4.6%）表达肠毒素、白细胞毒素、蛋白酶和耐药基因决定子。与已鉴定的社区相关菌株聚类的畜群克隆类型。在几个城市周边社区中，具有多种抗生素耐药性的 pvl+ MSSA-CC1 和 MRSA-CC5 编码 agr 的克隆传播占主导地位，需要进行适当的基因监测、针对人群的抗菌药物管理、广泛的社区结构感染控制计划，以防止进一步的局部传播。
