University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
Sleep for Science Research Lab of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
J Sleep Res. 2021 Oct;30(5):e13295. doi: 10.1111/jsr.13295. Epub 2021 Feb 23.
The two-process model of sleep posits that two processes interact to regulate sleep and wake: a homeostatic (Process S) and a circadian process (Process C). Process S compensates for sleep loss by increasing sleep duration and intensity. Process C gates the timing of sleep/wake favouring sleep during the circadian night in humans. In this study, we examined whether taking six naps throughout a 24-hr period would result in the same amount of dissipation of homeostatic pressure at the end of the day as a night of sleep, when time in bed is equivalent. Data from 46 participants (10-23 years; mean = 14.5 [± 2.9]; 25 females) were analysed. Slow-wave energy, normalized to account for individual differences in slow-wave activity, was used as a measure of sleep homeostasis. In the nap condition, slow-wave energy of six naps distributed equally during a 24-hr period was calculated. In the baseline condition, slow-wave energy was measured after 9-hr time in bed. A paired t-test was used to compare nap and baseline conditions. A linear regression was used to examine whether slow-wave energy varied as a function of age. Slow-wave energy was greater during baseline than the nap condition (p < .001). No association between age and slow-wave energy was found for baseline or nap conditions. Our findings indicate that multiple naps throughout the day are not as effective at dissipating sleep pressure as a night of sleep. This is likely due to the influence of the circadian system, which staves off sleep during certain times of the day.
睡眠的双过程模型假设，有两个过程相互作用来调节睡眠和觉醒：一个是内稳态（过程 S），另一个是昼夜节律过程（过程 C）。过程 S 通过增加睡眠时间和强度来补偿睡眠缺失。过程 C 控制睡眠/觉醒的时间，在人类中有利于在昼夜节律的夜间睡眠。在这项研究中，我们研究了在相当于一晚上睡眠时间的情况下，在 24 小时内进行六次小睡是否会导致相同程度的内稳态压力消散。46 名参与者（10-23 岁；平均=14.5[±2.9]；25 名女性）的数据进行了分析。慢波能量，归一化为个体慢波活动差异，被用作睡眠内稳态的衡量标准。在小睡条件下，计算了在 24 小时内均匀分布的六次小睡的慢波能量。在基线条件下，在 9 小时卧床后测量慢波能量。采用配对 t 检验比较小睡和基线条件。线性回归用于检查慢波能量是否随年龄变化。基线条件下的慢波能量大于小睡条件下的慢波能量（p<.001）。在基线或小睡条件下，未发现年龄与慢波能量之间存在关联。我们的发现表明，全天多次小睡不如一晚上睡眠有效地消除睡眠压力。这可能是由于昼夜节律系统的影响，它在一天中的某些时间阻止睡眠。
