HIV 感染者的生活质量：来自伊朗克尔曼沙阿患者研究的见解。
Quality of life of HIV-infected individuals: insights from a study of patients in Kermanshah, Iran.
机构信息
Vice Chancellery for Disease Prevention and Control, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
Social Development and Health Promotion Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
出版信息
BMC Infect Dis. 2021 Feb 23;21(1):203. doi: 10.1186/s12879-021-05908-z.
BACKGROUND
Quality of life (QOL) is one of the major factors to assessing the health and wellbeing of People living with HIV (PLWH). Likewise, improved QOL is among the prominent goals of patient treatment. This study was conducted to investigate the QOL of PLWH in Kermanshah, Iran.
METHODS
This cross-sectional study was conducted on 364 PLWH of Kermanshah between 2016 and 2017. Outpatients were selected as the sample through the convenience sampling method from HIV Positive Clients of Kermanshah Behavioral Diseases Counseling Center. The reasons for the selection of outpatients include: (a) some patients were substance users, homeless or did not have a fixed address to follow-up; (b) addresses and personal details that were registered on the first admission were incorrect or incomplete; (c) due to financial issues, some were forced to relocate frequently and were difficult to track; (d) some patients were convicts or prisoners, making it hard to find them after their release; (e) some of them were from other provinces, where managing access was not easy/possible. Data was collected using WHOQOL-HIV BREF questionnaire (Persian Version). Data also analyzed with STATA 14, and SPSS 23 using T-test and multiple regression.
RESULTS
This study showed that mean (SD) age of PLWH was 40.21 (10.45) years. Females had better QOL than males except for spirituality, religion and personal beliefs. The gender differences disappeared in multivariate results. A significant association was observed between education and the independence, environment, and spirituality domains of QOL. In addition, being married was correlated with overall QOL, psychological and social relationships domains of QOL of PLWH. Drug use was a behavioral factor with negative influence on the QOL.
CONCLUSION
This study found that marital status and drug use were the main predictors of various domains of QOL. Drug use was a behavioral factor with a negative influence on the QOL. Hence, it is recommended that health professionals, planners, and policymakers take effective measures to improve the status quo.
背景
生活质量（QOL）是评估艾滋病毒感染者（PLWH）健康和幸福感的主要因素之一。同样，提高 QOL 也是患者治疗的主要目标之一。本研究旨在调查伊朗克尔曼沙阿的 PLWH 的生活质量。
方法
本横断面研究于 2016 年至 2017 年期间在克尔曼沙阿的 364 名 PLWH 中进行。通过方便抽样法从克尔曼沙阿行为疾病咨询中心的 HIV 阳性患者中选择门诊患者作为样本。选择门诊患者的原因包括：（a）一些患者是药物使用者、无家可归者或没有固定地址进行随访；（b）首次入院时登记的地址和个人详细信息不正确或不完整；（c）由于财务问题，一些人经常被迫频繁搬迁，难以追踪；（d）一些患者是罪犯或囚犯，出狱后难以找到他们；（e）他们中的一些人来自其他省份，管理访问权限并不容易/可能。使用世界卫生组织生活质量 HIV 简表问卷（波斯语版）收集数据。使用 STATA 14 和 SPSS 23 采用 T 检验和多元回归分析数据。
结果
本研究显示，PLWH 的平均（SD）年龄为 40.21（10.45）岁。女性的生活质量优于男性，除了精神信仰、宗教和个人信仰。在多变量结果中，性别差异消失。教育与生活质量的独立性、环境和精神领域之间存在显著关联。此外，已婚与 PLWH 的总体生活质量、心理和社会关系领域的生活质量相关。药物使用是对生活质量产生负面影响的行为因素。
结论
本研究发现，婚姻状况和药物使用是生活质量各领域的主要预测因素。药物使用是对生活质量产生负面影响的行为因素。因此，建议卫生专业人员、规划人员和政策制定者采取有效措施改善现状。
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