School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Science, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia.
School of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Science, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia.
BMC Infect Dis. 2023 Oct 7;23(1):666. doi: 10.1186/s12879-023-08651-9.
Antiretroviral therapy enables people living with HIV to live long lives, and these advances have transformed HIV infection from an acute to a chronic disease. Many non-communicable diseases, including type 2 diabetes, heart disease, and stroke, are influenced by physical inactivity. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the level of physical activity and survival in chronic co-morbidity among adult people living with HIV in Ethiopia.
An institution-based prospective cohort study of adult people living with HIV was conducted between 2019 and 2021. We included 422 people living with HIV at baseline. After the baseline visit, 364 patients without hypertension or diabetes, were followed up for two years. Nine trained nurses used a pre-tested, structured questionnaire to collect data during routine care consultations in three hospitals in southern Ethiopia. STATA version 15 was used to analyze the data. To estimate the survival probability of developing chronic comorbidities, a Kaplan-Meier survival curve was used. A Cox proportional hazards model was fitted to identify the predictors of the development of chronic comorbidities.
In the current study, 39% of the participants were found to have a low level of physical activity. Those who had self-management skills to maintain physical activity (p = 0.023), considered physical activity an important aspect of their HIV management (p = 0.003), and regularly attended social support groups (p = 0.002) had significantly higher levels of physical activity. The risk of chronic comorbidity increased over time, with a rate of 10.83 chronic comorbidities per 1000 persons per month. Lack of regular exercise [AHR: 2.04; 95% CI: (1.03, 5.13)], low physical activity [AHR: 2.01; 95% CI: (1.03, 7.89)], BMI greater than 25 kg/m [AHR: 2.74; 95% CI: (1.31, 5.12)] and low fruit and vegetable intake [AHR = 2.57; 95% CI: (1.28, 6.49)] were all associated with the development of chronic comorbidity.
The prevalence of physical inactivity is high in the study population. A physical activity program for people living with HIV should be considered, and the promotion of self-management skills should be integrated into HIV care programs.
抗逆转录病毒疗法使 HIV 感染者能够长寿，这些进展将 HIV 感染从急性疾病转变为慢性疾病。许多非传染性疾病，包括 2 型糖尿病、心脏病和中风，都受到身体活动不足的影响。因此，本研究旨在评估埃塞俄比亚慢性合并症中成年人 HIV 感染者的身体活动水平和生存情况。
这是一项 2019 年至 2021 年期间在成人 HIV 感染者中进行的基于机构的前瞻性队列研究。我们在基线时纳入了 422 名 HIV 感染者。基线检查后，对 364 名无高血压或糖尿病的患者进行了为期两年的随访。在埃塞俄比亚南部的三家医院，9 名经过培训的护士使用预先测试的结构化问卷，在常规护理咨询期间收集数据。使用 STATA 版本 15 分析数据。为了估计发生慢性合并症的生存概率，使用 Kaplan-Meier 生存曲线。拟合 Cox 比例风险模型以确定发生慢性合并症的预测因素。
在本研究中，发现 39%的参与者身体活动水平较低。那些具有维持身体活动的自我管理技能（p=0.023）、认为身体活动是 HIV 管理重要方面（p=0.003）和定期参加社会支持小组（p=0.002）的人，身体活动水平显著更高。慢性合并症的风险随着时间的推移而增加，每月每 1000 人中有 10.83 例慢性合并症。缺乏规律运动（AHR：2.04；95%CI：（1.03，5.13））、身体活动水平低（AHR：2.01；95%CI：（1.03，7.89））、BMI 大于 25kg/m（AHR：2.74；95%CI：（1.31，5.12））和低水果和蔬菜摄入量（AHR=2.57；95%CI：（1.28，6.49））均与慢性合并症的发生有关。
研究人群中身体活动不足的发生率很高。应考虑为 HIV 感染者制定身体活动计划，并将自我管理技能的提升纳入 HIV 护理计划中。
