Departments of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
Department of Psychiatry, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Psychol Med. 2022 Oct;52(13):2692-2701. doi: 10.1017/S003329172000478X. Epub 2021 Feb 24.
Antisaccade tasks can be used to index cognitive control processes, e.g. attention, behavioral inhibition, working memory, and goal maintenance in people with brain disorders. Though diagnoses of schizophrenia (SZ), schizoaffective (SAD), and bipolar I with psychosis (BDP) are typically considered to be distinct entities, previous work shows patterns of cognitive deficits differing in degree, rather than in kind, across these syndromes.
Large samples of individuals with psychotic disorders were recruited through the Bipolar-Schizophrenia Network on Intermediate Phenotypes 2 (B-SNIP2) study. Anti- and pro-saccade task performances were evaluated in 189 people with SZ, 185 people with SAD, 96 people with BDP, and 279 healthy comparison participants. Logistic functions were fitted to each group's antisaccade speed-performance tradeoff patterns.
Psychosis groups had higher antisaccade error rates than the healthy group, with SZ and SAD participants committing 2 times as many errors, and BDP participants committing 1.5 times as many errors. Latencies on correctly performed antisaccade trials in SZ and SAD were longer than in healthy participants, although error trial latencies were preserved. Parameters of speed-performance tradeoff functions indicated that compared to the healthy group, SZ and SAD groups had optimal performance characterized by more errors, as well as less benefit from prolonged response latencies. Prosaccade metrics did not differ between groups.
With basic prosaccade mechanisms intact, the higher speed-performance tradeoff cost for antisaccade performance in psychosis cases indicates a deficit that is specific to the higher-order cognitive aspects of saccade generation.
反扫视任务可用于评估认知控制过程，例如注意力、行为抑制、工作记忆和大脑障碍患者的目标维持。尽管精神分裂症（SZ）、分裂情感性（SAD）和伴有精神病性症状的双相障碍 I 型（BDP）的诊断通常被认为是不同的实体，但之前的研究表明，这些综合征在认知缺陷的程度上存在差异，而不是在类型上存在差异。
通过双相情感障碍-精神分裂症网络中间表型 2 （B-SNIP2）研究，招募了大量患有精神病性障碍的个体。在 189 名 SZ 患者、185 名 SAD 患者、96 名 BDP 患者和 279 名健康对照组参与者中，评估了反扫视和正扫视任务的表现。对每个组的反扫视速度-绩效权衡模式进行逻辑函数拟合。
精神病组的反扫视错误率高于健康组，SZ 和 SAD 组的错误率是健康组的两倍，BDP 组的错误率是健康组的 1.5 倍。SZ 和 SAD 组正确执行反扫视试验的潜伏期长于健康组参与者，但错误试验的潜伏期保持不变。速度-绩效权衡函数的参数表明，与健康组相比，SZ 和 SAD 组的最佳表现特征是错误更多，同时从延长的反应潜伏期中获益更少。正扫视指标在各组之间没有差异。
在基本的正扫视机制完好的情况下，精神病患者反扫视表现的速度-绩效权衡成本更高，表明这是一种特定于扫视生成的高阶认知方面的缺陷。
