Gastrectomy with D2 lymph node dissection and perioperative adjuvant treatment is the standard treatment for locally advanced gastric cancer. However, the morality rate is reported to be 20%-40% after gastrectomy for gastric cancer. Perioperative sarcopenia and obesity are strongly related to postoperative surgical complications after gastrectomy. Furthermore, recent studies have shown that postoperative surgical complications are related to long-term oncological outcomes. If we can prevent or improve perioperative sarcopenia or obesity in gastric cancer patients, the rate of postoperative surgical complications in these patients might be reduced, thereby improving the long-term oncological outcomes. Given this hypothesis, recent studies have focused on enacting perioperative exercise programs for gastric cancer patients with sarcopenia and overweight/obesity. Such exercise programs have proven promising and demonstrated some clinical benefits for gastric cancer patients with sarcopenia and overweight/obesity. However, whether or not perioperative exercise programs have clinical benefits with regard to long-term oncological outcomes in gastric cancer patients is unclear. To optimize these perioperative exercise programs for gastric cancer patients, it is necessary to clarify the benefits with regard to the long-term oncological outcomes in these patients and establish an optimal perioperative exercise program.