Animal Health Department, Veterinary Faculty, UCM, Madrid, Spain.
Department of Specific Didactics, School of Education and Teacher Training, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
Parasitol Res. 2021 Apr;120(4):1471-1479. doi: 10.1007/s00436-021-07091-1. Epub 2021 Feb 24.
The prevention of canine leishmaniosis in healthy dogs requires a multimodal approach combining repellents with an effective vaccine. A vaccine that modulates the cell-mediated immune response against the protozoan has been available in Europe since 2012 (CaniLeish®, Virbac, France). The aim of the present study was to monitor dogs vaccinated with CaniLeish® to examine the kinetics of the antibody response and the safety and tolerance of CaniLeish®. Dogs vaccinated with CaniLeish® were monitored for 12 months. In follow-up visits at baseline (primovaccination or annual booster) (Visit 1, V1), and 1 (V2), 4 (V3), 8 (V4) and 12 (V5) months later, we examined antibody response kinetics using two serology techniques (IFAT and Speed Leish K™). Tolerance to CaniLeish® and its safety were also monitored. Anti-L. infantum IgG antibodies were determined in 242 dogs (125 dogs after primovaccination (Group P) and 117 dogs after booster vaccination (Group B). In addition, 46, 22 and 19 dogs were followed for 2, 3 and 4 years, respectively. At baseline, 100% of dogs in Group P returned negative IFAT and Speed Leish K™ test results while 9.4% (11/117) in Group B tested IFAT positive though Speed Leish K™ negative. In subsequent visits, seropositivity was detected by IFAT in 31.2% (Group P) and 41% (Group B) of the dogs in V2; 16.8% (Group P) and 10.2% (Group B) in V3; 6.4% (Group P) and 8.5% (Group B) in V4; and 3.2% (Group P) and 5.9% (Group B) in V5. All dogs tested Speed Leish K™ negative except two, in which it was later confirmed by molecular testing that they were not infected. Adverse events that could be associated with the vaccine were detected in 20 out of 314 dogs (6.4%). The good clinical status of all dogs was confirmed in an exhaustive clinical exam and haemato-biochemical profile. The Canileish® vaccine was well-tolerated with exceptions that did not appear to be related to age, sex, race or size of vaccinated dogs. Anti-L. infantum antibodies were detected by IFAT in 31.9-40.3% of the dogs 1 month after vaccination, and these antibodies could still be detected in 3.2% of the dogs 1 year later. This means that veterinarians need to use other tools (eg. PCR) to correctly diagnose seropositive dogs.
犬利什曼病的预防需要采取多模式方法，将驱虫剂与有效的疫苗结合使用。自 2012 年以来，一种调节针对原生动物的细胞介导免疫反应的疫苗已在欧洲上市（CaniLeish®，Virbac，法国）。本研究的目的是监测接种 CaniLeish®的犬，以检查抗体反应的动力学以及 CaniLeish®的安全性和耐受性。接种 CaniLeish®的犬被监测了 12 个月。在基线（初次接种或年度加强）（第 1 次就诊，V1），以及 1 个月（V2）、4 个月（V3）、8 个月（V4）和 12 个月（V5）后，我们使用两种血清学技术（IFAT 和 Speed Leish K™）检查了抗体反应动力学。还监测了 CaniLeish®的耐受性及其安全性。在 242 只狗（初次接种后 125 只狗（组 P）和加强接种后 117 只狗（组 B））中确定了抗 L. infantum IgG 抗体。此外，分别有 46、22 和 19 只狗分别随访了 2、3 和 4 年。在基线时，组 P 的 100%的狗 IFAT 和 Speed Leish K™试验结果均为阴性，而组 B 的 9.4%（11/117）的狗 IFAT 阳性而 Speed Leish K™阴性。在随后的就诊中，IFAT 在 V2 中检测到 31.2%（组 P）和 41%（组 B）的犬呈血清阳性；V3 中 16.8%（组 P）和 10.2%（组 B）；V4 中 6.4%（组 P）和 8.5%（组 B）；V5 中 3.2%（组 P）和 5.9%（组 B）。除了两只狗外，所有狗的 Speed Leish K™检测结果均为阴性，后来分子检测证实它们没有感染。在 314 只狗中有 20 只（6.4%）检测到与疫苗相关的不良事件。在全面的临床检查和血液生化分析中确认了所有狗的良好临床状态。CaniLeish®疫苗耐受性良好，但也有例外，这些例外似乎与狗的年龄、性别、种族或大小无关。接种疫苗后 1 个月，IFAT 检测到 31.9-40.3%的狗产生了抗 L. infantum 抗体，1 年后仍能检测到 3.2%的狗产生了抗 L. infantum 抗体。这意味着兽医需要使用其他工具（例如 PCR）来正确诊断血清阳性犬。
