Nogacka Alicja Maria, de Los Reyes-Gavilán Clara G, Arboleya Silvia, Ruas-Madiedo Patricia, Martínez-Faedo Ceferino, Suarez Adolfo, He Fang, Harata Gaku, Endo Akihito, Salazar Nuria, Gueimonde Miguel
Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IPLA-CSIC), Villaviciosa, Spain.
Diet, Microbiota and Health Group, Institute of Health Research of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain.
Front Microbiol. 2021 Feb 9;12:630572. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.630572. eCollection 2021.
The intestinal microbiota plays important roles in the maintenance of health. Strategies aiming at its modulation, such as probiotics, have received a deal of attention. Several strains have been studied in different models; however, the correlation of results obtained with the data has been limited. This questions the usefulness of such selection models, traditionally relying on over-simplified tests, not considering the influence of the accompanying microbiota or focusing on microbiota composition without considering functional traits. Here we assess the potential of six , and strains in an model to determine their impact on the microbiota not just in terms of composition but also of functionality. Moreover, we compared the responses obtained in two different population groups: normal-weight and severely obese subjects. Fecal cultures were conducted to evaluate the impact of the strains on specific intestinal microbial groups, on the production of short-chain fatty acids, and on two functional responses: the production of gas and the interaction with human intestinal epithelial cells. The response to the different probiotics differed between both human groups. The addition of the probiotic strains did not induce major changes on the microbiota composition, with significant increases detected almost exclusively for the species added. Higher levels of gas production were observed in cultures from normal-weight subjects than in the obese population, with some strains being able to significantly reduce gas production in the latter group. Moreover, in obese subjects all the strains tested and GG were able to modify the response of the intestinal cells, restoring values similar to those obtained with the microbiotas of normal-weight subjects. Our results underline the need for the screening and selection of probiotics in a target-population specific manner by using appropriate models before enrolling in clinical intervention trials.
肠道微生物群在维持健康方面发挥着重要作用。旨在调节肠道微生物群的策略，如益生菌，已受到广泛关注。几种菌株已在不同模型中进行了研究；然而，所获得的结果与数据之间的相关性有限。这对传统上依赖过度简化测试的选择模型的实用性提出了质疑，这些模型没有考虑伴随微生物群的影响，或者只关注微生物群组成而不考虑功能特征。在这里，我们评估了六种益生菌菌株在体外模型中的潜力，以确定它们不仅对微生物群组成，而且对功能的影响。此外，我们比较了在两个不同人群组中获得的反应：正常体重和严重肥胖的受试者。进行粪便培养以评估这些菌株对特定肠道微生物群、短链脂肪酸产生以及两种功能反应的影响：气体产生和与人肠道上皮细胞的相互作用。两组人群对不同益生菌的反应不同。添加益生菌菌株并未引起微生物群组成的重大变化，几乎仅检测到添加物种的显著增加。与肥胖人群相比，正常体重受试者的培养物中观察到更高水平的气体产生，一些菌株能够显著降低后者群体中的气体产生。此外，在肥胖受试者中，所有测试的益生菌菌株和嗜酸乳杆菌GG都能够改变肠道细胞的反应，恢复到与正常体重受试者的微生物群相似的值。我们的结果强调，在进行临床干预试验之前，需要通过使用适当的体外模型，以目标人群特异性的方式筛选和选择益生菌。
