Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculty of Science, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.
Cell Mol Life Sci. 2021 May;78(9):4399-4415. doi: 10.1007/s00018-021-03791-0. Epub 2021 Feb 27.
Lipids and fatty acids play crucial roles in plant immunity, which have been highlighted over the past few decades. An increasing number of studies have shown that these molecules are pivotal in the interactions between plants and their diverse pathogens. The roles played by plant lipids fit in a wide spectrum ranging from the first physical barrier encountered by the pathogens, the cuticle, to the signalling pathways that trigger different immune responses and expression of defence-related genes, mediated by several lipid molecules. Moreover, lipids have been arising as candidate biomarkers of resistance or susceptibility to different pathogens. Studies on the apoplast and extracellular vesicles have been highlighting the possible role of lipids in the intercellular communication and the establishment of systemic acquired resistance during plant-pathogen interactions. From the pathogen perspective, lipid metabolism and specific lipid molecules play pivotal roles in the pathogen's life cycle completion, being crucial during recognition by the plant and evasion from the host immune system, therefore potentiating infection. Studies conducted in the last years have contributed to a better understanding of the language of lipids during the cross-talk between plants and pathogens. However, it is essential to continue exploring the knowledge brought up to light by transcriptomics and proteomics studies towards the elucidation of lipid signalling processes during defence and disease. In this review, we present an updated overview on lipids associated to plant-pathogen interactions, exploiting their roles from the two sides of this battle.
脂质和脂肪酸在植物免疫中起着至关重要的作用，这在过去几十年中得到了强调。越来越多的研究表明，这些分子在植物与其多种病原体的相互作用中起着关键作用。植物脂质所起的作用范围广泛，从病原体遇到的第一道物理屏障——角质层，到触发不同免疫反应和防御相关基因表达的信号通路，都由几种脂质分子介导。此外，脂质已成为对不同病原体抗性或易感性的候选生物标志物。对质外体和细胞外囊泡的研究强调了脂质在细胞间通讯中的可能作用，以及在植物-病原体相互作用中建立系统获得性抗性的过程。从病原体的角度来看，脂质代谢和特定的脂质分子在病原体的生命周期完成中起着关键作用，在被植物识别和逃避宿主免疫系统方面至关重要，从而促进了感染。近年来的研究有助于更好地理解植物和病原体之间相互作用过程中的脂质“语言”。然而，继续探索转录组学和蛋白质组学研究揭示的脂质信号转导过程在防御和疾病中的知识是至关重要的。在这篇综述中，我们从这场战斗的两个方面介绍了与植物-病原体相互作用相关的脂质的最新概述，阐述了它们的作用。
