Department of Human Kinetics, St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, NS, Canada.
Psychology Department, St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, NS, Canada.
Acta Psychol (Amst). 2021 Apr;215:103270. doi: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2021.103270. Epub 2021 Feb 24.
The aim of this study was twofold: (1) to re-test whether a minimal social context has an influence on gaze patterns, and (2) to determine if a social connection (i.e., friendship) has a modulatory effect on gaze patterns in a minimal social context. In Experiment 1, two unacquainted participants were paired and seated at separate testing stations in the same room. At the beginning of each trial, participants were informed whether they were looking at different image sets (solo trials), or the same image set (joint trials). Image sets consisted of a positive, a negative, and two neutral images. No explicit task instructions were provided and there was no interaction between participants during the task. Experiment 2 was identical to Experiment 1, except that participants were paired with a friend. The fixation-based metrics of interest were time to first fixation (TFF) and total fixation duration (TFD). The findings revealed that social context has a modulatory effect on attentional capture (i.e., TFF) irrespective of social connection. Unexpectedly, a negativity bias was found to hold attention (i.e., TFD) regardless of social context. However, having a social connection did increase the time spent looking at positive images on the joint trials. Having a social connection with another person seems to alter looking behaviour such that more time is spent looking at positive images on the joint trials compared to the solo trials. These findings highlight the importance of evaluating both TFD and TFF to develop a better understanding of the factors underlying joint perception.
(1) 重新检验在最小社交情境下，社交情境是否会影响注视模式；(2) 确定社交关系（即友谊）是否会对最小社交情境下的注视模式产生调节作用。在实验 1 中，两个互不相识的参与者被配对并坐在同一房间的不同测试站。在每个试验开始时，参与者被告知他们是在看不同的图像集（单人试验）还是相同的图像集（联合试验）。图像集由一个正性、一个负性和两个中性图像组成。在任务期间没有提供明确的任务说明，参与者之间也没有任何互动。实验 2 与实验 1 相同，只是参与者与朋友配对。感兴趣的基于注视的指标是首次注视时间 (TFF) 和总注视时间 (TFD)。研究结果表明，无论社交关系如何，社交情境对注意力捕获（即 TFF）都具有调节作用。出乎意料的是，无论社交情境如何，负性偏见都能吸引注意力（即 TFD）。然而，有社交关系确实会增加在联合试验中观看正性图像的时间。与他人建立社交关系似乎会改变观看行为，使得在联合试验中观看正性图像的时间比单人试验中更多。这些发现强调了评估 TFD 和 TFF 的重要性，以更好地理解联合感知背后的因素。
