基于归因的微生物蛋白生产生命周期评估：以利用氧化氢细菌为例。
An attributional life cycle assessment of microbial protein production: A case study on using hydrogen-oxidizing bacteria.
机构信息
Future Sustainable Food Systems-Research Group, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 27, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland; Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science (HELSUS), University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 4, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland; Ruralia Institute, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, Lönnrotinkatu 7, 50100 Mikkeli, Finland.
Future Sustainable Food Systems-Research Group, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 27, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland; Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science (HELSUS), University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 4, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland; Ruralia Institute, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, Lönnrotinkatu 7, 50100 Mikkeli, Finland.
出版信息
Sci Total Environ. 2021 Jul 1;776:145764. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145764. Epub 2021 Feb 11.
Novel food production technologies are being developed to address the challenges of securing sustainable and healthy nutrition for the growing global population. This study assessed the environmental impacts of microbial protein (MP) produced by autotrophic hydrogen-oxidizing bacteria (HOB). Data was collected from a company currently producing MP using HOB (hereafter simply referred to as MP) on a small-scale. Earlier studies have performed an environmental assessment of MP on a theoretical basis but no study yet has used empirical data. An attributional life cycle assessment (LCA) with a cradle-to-gate approach was used to quantify global warming potential (GWP), land use, freshwater and marine eutrophication potential, water scarcity, human (non-)carcinogenic toxicity, and the cumulative energy demand (CED) of MP production in Finland. A Monte Carlo analysis was performed to assess uncertainties while a sensitivity analysis was used to explore the impacts of alternative production options and locations. The results were compared with animal- and plant-based protein sources for human consumption as well as protein sources for feed. Electricity consumption had the highest contribution to environmental impacts. Therefore, the source of energy had a substantial impact on the results. MP production using hydropower as an energy source yielded 87.5% lower GWP compared to using the average Finnish electricity mix. In comparison with animal-based protein sources for food production, MP had 53-100% lower environmental impacts depending on the reference product and the source of energy assumed for MP production. When compared with plant-based protein sources for food production, MP had lower land and water use requirements, and eutrophication potential but GWP was reduced only if low-emission energy sources were used. Compared to protein sources for feed production, MP production often resulted in lower environmental impact for GWP (FHE), land use, and eutrophication and acidification potential, but generally caused high water scarcity and required more energy.
新型食品生产技术正在被开发，以应对保障全球不断增长的人口可持续和健康营养的挑战。本研究评估了利用自养产氢菌（HOB）生产微生物蛋白（MP）的环境影响。数据来自一家目前小规模生产利用 HOB 生产的 MP 的公司（后文简称 MP）。早期的研究已经在理论基础上对 MP 进行了环境评估，但尚无研究使用实证数据。本研究采用从摇篮到大门的归因生命周期评估（LCA）方法，量化了 MP 在芬兰生产的全球变暖潜势（GWP）、土地利用、淡水和海洋富营养化潜势、水资源短缺、人类（非）致癌毒性以及累积能源需求（CED）。进行了蒙特卡罗分析以评估不确定性，同时进行了敏感性分析以探索替代生产方案和地点的影响。结果与人类消费的动物和植物蛋白源以及饲料蛋白源进行了比较。电力消耗对环境影响的贡献最大。因此，能源来源对结果有重大影响。如果使用水电作为能源，MP 的 GWP 比使用芬兰平均电力组合低 87.5%。与动物源蛋白源相比，MP 的环境影响降低了 53-100%，具体取决于参考产品和假设的 MP 生产能源来源。与植物源蛋白源相比，MP 的土地和水资源利用需求以及富营养化潜势较低，但只有在使用低排放能源时，GWP 才会降低。与饲料蛋白源相比，MP 生产通常在 GWP（FHE）、土地利用和富营养化酸化潜势方面的环境影响较低，但通常会导致水资源短缺和能源需求增加。
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