Santé publique France, St Maurice, France.
Santé publique France, St Maurice, France.
Environ Int. 2021 Jun;151:106441. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106441. Epub 2021 Feb 25.
Adapting the urban environment to heat is a public health priority in the context of climate change. Cities are now considering interventions on specific urban characteristics known to contribute to the urban heat island (UHI) such as vegetation and imperviousness.
To explore how these urban characteristics influence the temperature-mortality relationship in the Paris region.
We modeled the temperature-mortality relationship for the 1300 municipalities of the region from 1990 to 2015, while including an interaction with indicators that summarize the municipalities' main urban characteristics. Four indicators were tested: lack of green spaces, lack of trees, proportion of impervious surface, and overexposed population to a potential night UHI.
The shape of the temperature-mortality relationship was similar across all municipalities, but with a higher slope at the highest temperatures in municipalities with less green spaces, less trees, and more impervious soil. For instance, in Paris and its close suburbs, the relative risk associated with a temperature in the 99th percentile of the temperature distribution (compared to the 50th percentile) was 2.17 [IC95% 1.98:2.38] in municipalities with 40% of their surface covered by trees compared to 2.57 [IC 95% 2.47:2.68] in municipalities with only 3% of their surface covered by trees.
A lack of vegetation and a high degree of imperviousness were associated with a higher risk of heat-related mortality in the Paris region. Therefore, we can assume that interventions targeting these characteristics could reduce the health impacts of extreme heat. Such interventions should be coupled with other initiatives such as protecting the most vulnerable and promoting appropriate behaviors.
在气候变化的背景下，使城市环境适应高温是公共卫生的当务之急。目前，城市正在考虑对特定的城市特征进行干预，这些特征已知会导致城市热岛（UHI），例如植被和不透水表面。
探讨这些城市特征如何影响巴黎地区的温度-死亡率关系。
我们针对该地区 1300 个自治市的 1990 年至 2015 年的数据，建立了温度-死亡率关系模型，同时纳入了与概括自治市主要城市特征的指标的相互作用。测试了四个指标：缺乏绿地、缺乏树木、不透水面比例和人口对潜在夜间城市热岛的暴露。
所有自治市的温度-死亡率关系形状相似，但在绿地、树木和不透水土壤较少的自治市中，最高温度的斜率更高。例如，在巴黎及其周边郊区，与温度分布的第 50 个百分位相比，温度处于第 99 个百分位（与第 50 个百分位相比）时的相对风险在树木覆盖率为 40%的自治市为 2.17 [95%置信区间 1.98:2.38]，而树木覆盖率仅为 3%的自治市为 2.57 [95%置信区间 2.47:2.68]。
缺乏植被和高不透水率与巴黎地区与热相关的死亡率风险增加相关。因此，我们可以假设针对这些特征的干预措施可以降低极端高温对健康的影响。这些干预措施应与保护弱势群体和促进适当行为等其他举措相结合。
