The aim of this study is to identify maternal consumption of processed and ultra-processed foods and to verify the factors associated with the supply of these foods to Brazilian children. This is a cross-sectional study with 231 mothers and children aged from 6 to 24 months. The mother's and children's food consumption was measured using three 24-hour recalls. The foods consumed were categorised according to the NOVA classification. The data were analysed by multinomial logistic regression. The supply of processed and ultra-processed foods to children was associated with the child's age (T2: OR = 1.17, <.001; T3: OR = 1.23, <.001), the absence of breast milk consumption (T3: OR = 3.82, =.006) and the greater consumption of these foods by mothers (T2: OR = 3.15, =.018; T3: OR = 4.59, =.004). We conclude that mothers who consume processed and ultra-processed foods also include them in complementary feeding, and the consumption of these foods by the child increases with age, absence of breastfeeding, and with increased maternal consumption.