Sousa Juliana Morais de, Bezerra Danielle Soares, Lima Lara Virginia Pessoa de, Oliveira Priscila Gomes de, Oliveira Nicolie Mattenhauer de, Araújo Elias Kelvin Severiano de, Garcia Lígia Rejane Siqueira, Dametto Juliana Fernandes Dos Santos, Ribeiro Karla Danielly da Silva
Post Graduate Program in Nutrition, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59.078-970, RN, Brazil.
Health Sciences College of Trairi, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Santa Cruz 59200-000, RN, Brazil.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2025 Apr 12;22(4):608. doi: 10.3390/ijerph22040608.
Although the adverse health effects of consuming ultra-processed foods (UPFs) are well-documented, limited evidence exists on their impact during lactation. This study examined the association between maternal UPF consumption, feeding practices, and malnutrition in breastfed infants. A cross-sectional analysis was conducted with 111 mother-child pairs up to 150 days postpartum. Infant feeding practices were assessed using WHO indicators, and malnutrition was evaluated by length-for-age and BMI-for-age. Maternal dietary intake was estimated using two 24 h recalls, and UPF consumption was classified by the Nova classification. Dyads were grouped based on the highest UPF consumption quartile, and adjusted binary logistic regression was applied. UPFs accounted for 26% of the maternal diet on average. While 71.2% of infants were exclusively breastfed, one-third were overweight, and 11.7% were stunted. High maternal UPF consumption (>32% of energy) was associated with increased odds of malnutrition by BMI-for-age (wasting or overweight) (OR 3.38; 95% CI: 1.29-8.83) and stunting (OR 3.89; 95% CI: 1.04-14.58). Feeding practices showed no association. These findings highlight that maternal UPF consumption is associated with malnutrition odds in breastfed infants in the population assessed, emphasizing the need for dietary guidance during lactation to improve infant health outcomes.
尽管食用超加工食品（UPF）对健康的不良影响已有充分记录，但关于其在哺乳期的影响的证据有限。本研究调查了母亲食用UPF、喂养方式与母乳喂养婴儿营养不良之间的关联。对111对母婴进行了产后150天内的横断面分析。使用世界卫生组织的指标评估婴儿喂养方式，通过年龄别身长和年龄别体重指数评估营养不良情况。通过两次24小时膳食回顾估计母亲的饮食摄入量，并根据诺瓦分类法对UPF的消费进行分类。根据UPF消费的最高四分位数对母婴对进行分组，并应用调整后的二元逻辑回归分析。UPF平均占母亲饮食的26%。虽然71.2%的婴儿纯母乳喂养，但三分之一超重，11.7%发育迟缓。母亲高UPF摄入量（>能量的32%）与年龄别体重指数营养不良（消瘦或超重）几率增加（比值比3.38；95%置信区间：1.29 - 8.83）和发育迟缓几率增加（比值比3.89；95%置信区间：1.04 - 14.58）相关。喂养方式未显示出关联。这些发现突出表明，在所评估的人群中，母亲食用UPF与母乳喂养婴儿的营养不良几率相关，强调哺乳期需要饮食指导以改善婴儿健康结局。
