REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal.
REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal; NICiTeS-Núcleo de Investigação em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde, Escola Superior de Saúde Ribeiro Sanches, Lisboa, Portugal.
Food Res Int. 2021 Feb;140:109857. doi: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109857. Epub 2020 Nov 3.
This study gives new insights to understand the type of interactions between Ginkgo biloba L. and Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, two Chinese medicinal plants with well documented neuroprotective effects, on three targets in Alzheimer's disease (AD): acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholnesterase (BuChE) inhibition and hydrogen peroxide scavenging. Individual samples, binary mixtures with different proportions of both plant species, and also a commercial multicomponent combination containing both plants together with unroasted Coffea arabica L. and quercetin-3-O-rutinoside were used to perform this in vitro evaluation. Sample phenolic profiles were also determined by HPLC-DAD, showing the presence of several flavonoid glycosides, phenolic acids and a methylxanthine. In order to investigate the possible synergism/antagonism interaction, data obtained were analyzed by CompuSyn software. The results showed that G. biloba and S. baicalensis alone display better activities than in mixtures, most of the interactions exhibiting different degrees of antagonism. A slight synergism interaction was only observed for the commercial multicomponent mixture tested against HO. Further analysis was carried out to understand which compounds could be responsible for the antagonistic interaction. Seventeen single pure compounds present in all extracts were tested against AChE inhibition, most of them displaying weak or no activity. Only caffeine had a remarkable activity. Five different binary and quaternary mixture compositions were design to deepen the interaction between these compounds, revealing mainly phenolic acid-flavonoid, flavonoid-flavonoid and methylxanthine-flavonoid-phenolic acid antagonistic interactions. These results clearly show that, for the targets evaluated, there is no potentiation of the neuroprotective effect by combining S. baicalensis and G. biloba extracts.
本研究深入探讨了银杏（Ginkgo biloba L.）和黄芩（Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi）这两种具有明确神经保护作用的中药之间的相互作用类型，针对阿尔茨海默病（AD）的三个靶点：乙酰胆碱酯酶（AChE）和丁酰胆碱酯酶（BuChE）抑制以及过氧化氢清除。单独的样品、两种植物不同比例的二元混合物，以及含有这两种植物以及未烘焙的阿拉伯咖啡（Coffea arabica L.）和槲皮素-3-O-芸香糖苷的商业多组分混合物都被用于进行体外评估。样品的酚类图谱也通过 HPLC-DAD 进行了测定，显示出存在几种类黄酮糖苷、酚酸和甲基黄嘌呤。为了研究可能的协同/拮抗相互作用，使用 CompuSyn 软件对获得的数据进行了分析。结果表明，银杏和黄芩单独使用时的活性优于混合物，大多数相互作用表现出不同程度的拮抗作用。仅在测试针对 HO 的商业多组分混合物时观察到轻微的协同相互作用。进一步的分析旨在了解哪些化合物可能是拮抗相互作用的原因。所有提取物中都存在的十七种单一纯化合物被测试了对 AChE 抑制的活性，大多数化合物显示出弱或无活性。只有咖啡因具有显著的活性。设计了五种不同的二元和四元混合物组成，以深入研究这些化合物之间的相互作用，主要揭示了酚酸-类黄酮、类黄酮-类黄酮和甲基黄嘌呤-类黄酮-酚酸的拮抗相互作用。这些结果清楚地表明，对于评估的靶点，将黄芩和银杏提取物结合使用并没有增强其神经保护作用。
