Department of Food Technology and Science, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), P.O. Box 5021, Santa Maria 97105-900, Brazil.
Department of Biosciences, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Silva Jardim 136, Santos 11015-020, Brazil.
Food Res Int. 2021 Feb;140:110031. doi: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.110031. Epub 2020 Dec 18.
The bioaccessibility and subsequent uptake by Caco-2 human intestinal cells of chlorophyll pigments from Scenedesmus obliquus were determined for the first time. In order to evaluate the impact of different types of the matrix on bioaccessibility of chlorophyll from microalgae, three different products were evaluated: isolated chlorophyll extract (ICE); wet ultrasonicated biomass (WUB); and whole dried biomass (WDB). The samples were submitted to in vitro digestion model according to the INFOGEST protocol, and Caco-2 cells determined the intestinal uptake. Chlorophyll pigments were determined by HPLC-PDA-MS/MS. A total of ten chlorophyll pigments (8,318.48 µg g) were separated in S. obliquus biomass, with chlorophyll a (3,507.76 µg g) and pheophytin a' (1,598.09 µg g) the major ones. After in vitro digestion, all tested products showed bioaccessible chlorophylls. However, the total bioaccessibility results were as follows: ICE (33.45%), WUB (2.65%), WDB (0.33%). Five compounds were bioaccessible in ICE, three in WUB, and one in WDB. The hydroxypheophytin a showed the highest bioaccessibility (212%) in ICE, while pheophytin a' in WUB (11%) and WDB (2%). As a result, bioavailability estimates of ICE using the Caco-2 cell showed hydroxypheophytin a (102.53%), followed by pheophytin a' (64.69%) as the chlorophyll pigments most abundant in intestinal cells. In summary, from a nutritional perspective, these three types of the matrix (WDB, WUB, and ICE) influence the promotion of chlorophyll bioaccessibility. In this way, the data suggest that chlorophylls bioaccessibility from ICE is greater than that in WDB and WUB. Therefore, ICE should be considered a product that provides bioavailable chlorophyll and could be the best choice, such as ingredients in the development of functional foods chlorophyll-based.
首次测定了斜生栅藻叶绿素色素从 Caco-2 人肠细胞的生物可及性和随后的吸收。为了评估不同基质类型对微藻中叶绿素生物可及性的影响，评估了三种不同的产品：分离叶绿素提取物 (ICE)；湿超声生物量 (WUB)；和全干生物量 (WDB)。根据 INFOGEST 方案，样品被提交给体外消化模型，然后 Caco-2 细胞确定肠内吸收。通过 HPLC-PDA-MS/MS 测定叶绿素色素。在斜生栅藻生物量中总共分离出十种叶绿素色素（8,318.48 µg g），其中叶绿素 a（3,507.76 µg g）和脱镁叶绿酸 a'（1,598.09 µg g）是主要的。经过体外消化，所有测试的产品都显示出可生物利用的叶绿素。然而，总生物可及性结果如下：ICE（33.45%），WUB（2.65%），WDB（0.33%）。ICE 中有五种化合物可生物利用，WUB 中有三种，WDB 中有一种。羟脱镁叶绿酸 a 在 ICE 中表现出最高的生物可及性（212%），而 WUB（11%）和 WDB（2%）中的脱镁叶绿酸 a'。因此，使用 Caco-2 细胞对 ICE 进行生物利用度估计表明羟脱镁叶绿酸 a（102.53%），其次是在肠细胞中含量最丰富的脱镁叶绿酸 a'（64.69%）。综上所述，从营养角度来看，这三种基质类型（WDB、WUB 和 ICE）影响了叶绿素生物可及性的促进。这样，数据表明 ICE 中的叶绿素生物可及性大于 WDB 和 WUB。因此，ICE 应被视为提供生物可利用的叶绿素的产品，并且可以是最佳选择，例如在开发基于叶绿素的功能性食品中作为成分。
