人们想结束对话时，对话就会结束吗？
Do conversations end when people want them to?
机构信息
Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138.
Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104.
出版信息
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2021 Mar 9;118(10). doi: 10.1073/pnas.2011809118.
Do conversations end when people want them to? Surprisingly, behavioral science provides no answer to this fundamental question about the most ubiquitous of all human social activities. In two studies of 932 conversations, we asked conversants to report when they had wanted a conversation to end and to estimate when their partner (who was an intimate in Study 1 and a stranger in Study 2) had wanted it to end. Results showed that conversations almost never ended when both conversants wanted them to and rarely ended when even one conversant wanted them to and that the average discrepancy between desired and actual durations was roughly half the duration of the conversation. Conversants had little idea when their partners wanted to end and underestimated how discrepant their partners' desires were from their own. These studies suggest that ending conversations is a classic "coordination problem" that humans are unable to solve because doing so requires information that they normally keep from each other. As a result, most conversations appear to end when no one wants them to.
当人们想要结束对话时，对话真的会结束吗？令人惊讶的是，关于这种最普遍的人类社交活动，行为科学并没有给出这个基本问题的答案。在对 932 次对话的两项研究中，我们要求对话者报告他们何时想要结束对话，并估计他们的伙伴（在研究 1 中是亲密伙伴，在研究 2 中是陌生人）何时想要结束对话。结果表明，当双方都希望结束对话时，对话几乎从未结束，即使只有一方希望结束，对话也很少结束，而期望持续时间和实际持续时间之间的平均差异大约是对话持续时间的一半。对话者几乎不知道他们的伙伴何时想要结束对话，并且低估了他们的伙伴的愿望与自己的愿望之间的差异。这些研究表明，结束对话是一个经典的“协调问题”，人类无法解决，因为这样做需要他们通常彼此隐瞒的信息。因此，大多数对话似乎在没有人想要的时候结束。
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