Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Dairy Research Institute of Asturias (IPLA-CSIC), Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain.
Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.
Methods Mol Biol. 2021;2278:1-12. doi: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1274-3_1.
Since their discovery, bifidobacteria have been considered to represent cornerstone commensal microorganisms in the host-microbiome interface at the intestinal level. Bifidobacteria have therefore enjoyed increasing scientific and commercial interest as a source of microorganisms with probiotic potential. However, since functional and probiotic traits are strictly strain-dependent, there is a constant need to isolate, cultivate, and characterize novel strains, activities that require the utilization of appropriate media, as well as robust isolation, cultivation, and preservation techniques. Besides, effective isolation of bifidobacteria from natural environments might require different manipulation and cultivation media and conditions depending on the specific characteristics of the sample material, the presence of competitive microbiota, the metabolic state in which bifidobacteria might be encountered within the sample and the particular metabolic traits of the bifidobacterial species adapted to such inhabitation.A wide array of culture media recipes have been described in the literature to routinely isolate and grow bifidobacteria under laboratory conditions. However, there is not a single and universally applicable medium for effective isolation, recovery, and cultivation of bifidobacteria, as each growth medium has its own particular advantages and limitations. Besides, the vast majority of these media formulations was not specifically formulated for these microorganisms, and thus information on bifidobacterial cultivation options is scarce while being scattered throughout literature. This chapter intends to serve as a resource summarizing the options to cultivate bifidobacteria that have been described to date, highlighting the main advantages and limitations of each of them.
自从双歧杆菌被发现以来，它们一直被认为是肠道水平上宿主-微生物界面的基石共生微生物。因此，双歧杆菌作为具有益生菌潜力的微生物源，受到了越来越多的科学和商业关注。然而，由于功能和益生菌特性严格依赖于菌株，因此需要不断分离、培养和表征新的菌株，这需要利用适当的培养基以及强大的分离、培养和保存技术。此外，从自然环境中有效分离双歧杆菌可能需要根据特定的样本材料的特征、竞争菌群的存在、样本中双歧杆菌可能遇到的代谢状态以及适应这种栖息的双歧杆菌物种的特定代谢特征，使用不同的操作和培养介质和条件。文献中已经描述了多种培养介质配方，用于在实验室条件下常规分离和培养双歧杆菌。然而，并没有一种单一的、普遍适用的培养基可以有效地分离、回收和培养双歧杆菌，因为每种生长培养基都有其自身的特定优势和局限性。此外，这些培养基配方中的绝大多数并不是专门为这些微生物设计的，因此关于双歧杆菌培养选择的信息很少，而且分散在文献中。本章旨在作为一个资源，总结迄今为止描述的双歧杆菌培养选择，突出它们各自的主要优点和局限性。
