Faculty of Economics Administrative and Social sciences, Istanbul Gelisim University, Istanbul, Turkey.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2021 Jul;28(26):34367-34385. doi: 10.1007/s11356-021-12678-3. Epub 2021 Mar 1.
Carbon neutral is among the possible ways of solving the problem of climate change. Many scholars have utilized different single indicators such as CO and methane with different variables to mitigate the possible ways of solving the problem of global warming. The present study employs a specific country (UAE) approach to investigate the possible way of solving climate change. The author utilized 1980-2018 annual data of the UAE to investigate the possibility of carbon neutral in the UAE as to suggest ways of limiting climate change. Both linear and non-linear (squared) foreign direct investment (FDI) and GDP per capita were added to the study and considered as the variables of interest and other control variables (energy use and population). Among the findings of this study are inverted U-shaped relationship between economic growth (GDP per capita) and ecological footprint which confirms EKC for the UAE, positive relationship between energy use and ecological footprint, negative relationship between FDI and ecological footprint in all stages which established a flat pattern of relationship, and a positive relationship between the population and ecological footprint. Findings from causal analyses exposed a two-way direction or feedback (bidirectional) between economic growth (GDP) and urban population, and between energy use and urban population both in the short and long run. Also, a one-way transmission (unidirectional) is found transmitting from ecological footprint and FDI to population both in the short run and long run; from the ecological footprint, energy use, and FDI to economic growth; from the ecological footprint and FDI to energy use in the long run; and from ecological footprint to FDI and energy use in the short run. The policy focus should be towards the improvement on the urban population. FDI pattern suggests the pollution halo hypothesis which is a pointer towards its (FDI) crucial contribution to environmental performance. Hence, FDI should be encouraged through relaxing of some laws that are preventive in nature towards FDI so as to maintain this positive trend towards sustainable development. The analytical abstract demonstrates the interactions that exist among the employed variables in Granger causality analysis. The big arrows denote two-way transmission while the small arrows show one-way causal transmissions passing to the variables where they are pointing at.
碳中和是解决气候变化问题的可能途径之一。许多学者利用不同的单一指标，如 CO 和甲烷，以及不同的变量来缓解全球变暖问题的可能途径。本研究采用特定国家（阿联酋）的方法来研究解决气候变化的可能途径。作者利用阿联酋 1980-2018 年的年度数据，研究了阿联酋实现碳中和的可能性，以提出限制气候变化的方法。线性和非线性（平方）外国直接投资（FDI）和人均国内生产总值（GDP）都被添加到研究中，并被视为感兴趣的变量和其他控制变量（能源使用和人口）。本研究的发现包括经济增长（人均 GDP）和生态足迹之间的倒 U 形关系，这证实了阿联酋的 EKC；能源使用与生态足迹之间的正相关关系；FDI 与生态足迹之间在所有阶段的负相关关系，建立了一种平坦的关系模式；以及人口与生态足迹之间的正相关关系。因果分析的结果表明，经济增长（GDP）和城市人口之间以及能源使用和城市人口之间存在双向或反馈（双向）关系，无论是在短期还是长期。同样，还发现从生态足迹和 FDI 到人口的单向传递（单向），无论是在短期还是长期；从生态足迹、能源使用和 FDI 到经济增长；从生态足迹和 FDI 到能源使用的长期；以及从生态足迹到 FDI 和能源使用的短期。政策重点应放在改善城市人口上。FDI 模式表明污染光环假说，这表明其（FDI）对环境绩效的至关重要贡献。因此，应该通过放宽一些针对 FDI 的预防性法律来鼓励 FDI，以保持这种对可持续发展的积极趋势。分析摘要展示了格兰杰因果分析中所使用变量之间的相互作用。大箭头表示双向传递，小箭头表示单向因果传递到它们指向的变量。
