Agro-industrial residues for the production of red biopigment by Monascus ruber: rice flour and sugarcane molasses.

Three culture media were studied for red pigment production by Monascus ruber in submerged cultivation: rice flour (20 g L), sugarcane molasses (30 g L), and, finally, molasses + rice flour (10 g L+10 g L); all culture media were added of 5 g L glycine as nitrogen source. Rice flour showed pigment production of 7.05 UA and molasses 5.08 UA, and the mixture of rice flour and molasses showed the best result of 16.38 UA Molasses culture presented good results for cell biomass production of 11.09 g L. With these results, it was observed that one substrate presented good pigment production (rice flour) and another attained better results for cell biomass growth (molasses), and a third medium containing 10 g L of rice flour + 10 g L of molasses was formulated. The results for this mixture showed satisfactory results, with global pigment productivity of 0.097 UA h and maximum productivity rate of 0.17 UA h. The high production and productivity obtained for the mixture of rice flour and molasses indicated that the production of red pigment by submerged fermentation, using the mixture of these low-cost culture media, may be promising in terms of commercial production.