Bühler Rose Marie Meinicke, Müller Bruna Luíse, Moritz Denise Esteves, Vendruscolo Francielo, de Oliveira Debora, Ninow Jorge Luiz
Chemical and Food Engineering Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina-UFSC, P.O. Box 476, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil.
Appl Biochem Biotechnol. 2015 Jul;176(5):1277-89. doi: 10.1007/s12010-015-1645-8. Epub 2015 May 10.
To reduce environmental problems caused by glycerine accumulation and to make the production of biodiesel more profitable, crude glycerin without treatment was used as substrate for obtaining higher value-added bioproducts. Monascus ruber is a filamentous fungus that produces pigments, particularly red ones, which are used for coloring foods (rice wine and meat products). The interest in developing pigments from natural sources is increasing due to the restriction of using synthetic dyes. The effects of temperature, pH, microorganism morphology, aeration, nitrogen source, and substrates have been studied in the cultivation of M. ruber. In this work, it was observed that light intensity is also an important factor that should be considered for understanding the metabolism of the fungus. In M. ruber cultivation, inhibition of growth and pigment production was observed in Petri dishes and blaffed flasks exposed to direct illumination. Growth and pigment production were higher in Petri dishes and flasks exposed to red light and in the absence of light. Radial growth rate of M. ruber in plates in darkness was 1.50 mm day(-1) and in plates exposed to direct illumination was 0.59 mm day(-1). Maximum production of red pigments (8.32 UA) and biomass (8.82 g L(-1)) were obtained in baffled flasks covered with red film and 7.17 UA of red pigments, and 7.40 g L(-1) of biomass was obtained in flasks incubated in darkness. Under conditions of 1248 lux of luminance, the maximum pigment production was 4.48 UA, with production of 6.94 g L(-1) of biomass, indicating that the fungus has photoreceptors which influence the physiological responses.
为减少甘油积累所引发的环境问题，并提高生物柴油生产的利润，未经处理的粗甘油被用作底物来获取更高附加值的生物产品。红曲霉是一种丝状真菌，能产生色素，尤其是红色色素，这些色素用于食品（米酒和肉制品）着色。由于合成染料使用受限，开发天然来源色素的兴趣与日俱增。在红曲霉培养过程中，已经研究了温度、pH值、微生物形态、通气、氮源和底物的影响。在这项工作中，观察到光强度也是理解该真菌代谢时应考虑的一个重要因素。在红曲霉培养中，在暴露于直射光的培养皿和摇瓶中观察到生长和色素产生受到抑制。在暴露于红光和无光条件下的培养皿和摇瓶中，生长和色素产生更高。红曲霉在黑暗平板中的径向生长速率为1.50毫米/天，在暴露于直射光的平板中为0.59毫米/天。在覆盖红色薄膜的摇瓶中获得了最大量的红色色素（8.32 UA）和生物量（8.82克/升），在黑暗中培养的摇瓶中获得了7.17 UA的红色色素和7.40克/升的生物量。在1248勒克斯的亮度条件下，最大色素产量为4.48 UA，生物量产量为6.94克/升，这表明该真菌具有影响生理反应的光感受器。
