Department of Child Health Care, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, China.
Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2021 Jul;32(5):1073-1079. doi: 10.1111/pai.13490. Epub 2021 Mar 15.
Many countries have recorded the trends of food allergy (FA) prevalence. Little is known about epidemiologic trends of childhood FA in China.
In three cross-sectional surveys conducted in 1999, 2009, and 2019, the prevalence of and characteristic changes in FA in children aged ≤ 2 years were assessed and the outcomes were compared. All the children were recruited during well-baby check-ups at the Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University. All participants had a detailed medical history taken and underwent skin prick tests using ten commercial food extracts. Open food challenges were used for confirmation of FA.
The three studies included 1228 children (314 in 1999, 401 in 2009, and 513 in 2019; response rate > 95%). The prevalence of FA in 2009 (7.7%) and 2019 (11.1%) was significantly higher than that in 1999 (3.5%). However, there was no statistically significant difference in prevalence between 2009 and 2019 (P = .086). There was evidence of increased prevalence in CMPA between 1999 and 2019 (1.6% versus 5.7%; P = .004). However, no statistic difference was found in egg allergy (2.9% versus 5.5%; P = .21). The incidence of skin symptoms did not differ significantly over the study period, while the incidence of gastrointestinal symptoms increased significantly (18.2% in 1999, 12.9% in 2009, and 43.9% in 2019; P < .05).
The prevalence of FA in children rapidly increased after the 1990s and gradually stabilized after 2010. Cow's milk has become the most common food allergen among children in Chongqing. The incidence of gastrointestinal symptoms as a manifestation of FA has increased significantly since 2010.
许多国家都记录了食物过敏（FA）流行率的趋势。关于中国儿童 FA 的流行病学趋势知之甚少。
在 1999 年、2009 年和 2019 年进行的三项横断面研究中，评估了 2 岁以下儿童 FA 的流行率和特征变化，并比较了结果。所有儿童均在重庆医科大学儿童医院的婴儿健康检查中招募。所有参与者均接受详细的病史询问，并使用十种商业食物提取物进行皮肤点刺试验。开放食物挑战用于确认 FA。
这三项研究共纳入 1228 名儿童（1999 年 314 名，2009 年 401 名，2019 年 513 名；应答率>95%）。2009 年（7.7%）和 2019 年（11.1%）FA 的患病率明显高于 1999 年（3.5%）。然而，2009 年和 2019 年之间的患病率无统计学差异（P=0.086）。1999 年至 2019 年 CMPA 的患病率有所增加（1.6%比 5.7%；P=0.004）。然而，鸡蛋过敏（2.9%比 5.5%；P=0.21）无统计学差异。研究期间皮肤症状的发生率无显著差异，而胃肠道症状的发生率显著增加（1999 年为 18.2%，2009 年为 12.9%，2019 年为 43.9%；P<0.05）。
20 世纪 90 年代后，儿童 FA 的患病率迅速上升，2010 年后逐渐稳定。牛奶已成为重庆儿童最常见的食物过敏原。自 2010 年以来，FA 作为一种胃肠道症状的发病率显著增加。
