Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública, Fundação Ezequiel Dias, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Laboratório de Genética Celular e Molecular, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
Laboratório de Genética Celular e Molecular, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Laboratório de Flavivírus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Infect Genet Evol. 2021 Jul;91:104785. doi: 10.1016/j.meegid.2021.104785. Epub 2021 Feb 27.
Autochthonous Zika virus (ZIKV) transmission in Brazil was first identified in April 2015 in Brazil, with the first ZIKV-associated microcephaly cases detected in October 2015. Despite efforts on understanding ZIKV transmission in Brazil, little is known about the virus epidemiology and genetic diversity in Minas Gerais (MG), the second most populous state in the country. We report molecular and genomic findings from the main public health laboratory in MG. Until January 2020, 26,817 ZIKV suspected infections and 86 congenital syndrome cases were reported in MG state. We tested 8552 ZIKV and microcephaly suspected cases. Ten genomes were generated on-site directly from clinical samples. A total of 1723 confirmed cases were detected in Minas Gerais, with two main epidemic waves; the first and larger epidemic wave peaked in March 2016, with the second smaller wave that peaked in March 2017. Dated molecular clock analysis revealed that multiple introductions occurred in Minas Gerais between 2014 and 2015, suggesting that the virus was circulating unnoticed for at least 16 months before the first confirmed laboratory case that we retrospectively identified in December 2015. Our findings highlight the importance of continued genomic surveillance strategies combined with traditional epidemiology to assist public health laboratories in monitoring and understanding the diversity of circulating arboviruses, which might help attenuate the public health impact of infectious diseases.
巴西本土寨卡病毒（ZIKV）的传播于 2015 年 4 月首次在巴西被发现，2015 年 10 月首次发现寨卡病毒相关的小头症病例。尽管巴西在了解寨卡病毒传播方面做出了努力，但对米纳斯吉拉斯州（MG）的病毒流行病学和遗传多样性知之甚少，MG 是该国人口第二多的州。我们报告了该州主要公共卫生实验室的分子和基因组发现。截至 2020 年 1 月，MG 州报告了 26817 例寨卡病毒疑似感染和 86 例先天性综合征病例。我们检测了 8552 例寨卡病毒和疑似小头症病例。从现场直接对 10 个临床样本进行了基因组测序。在米纳斯吉拉斯州共检测到 1723 例确诊病例，有两次主要的流行浪潮；第一次和更大的流行浪潮在 2016 年 3 月达到高峰，第二次较小的浪潮在 2017 年 3 月达到高峰。基于时间的分子钟分析显示，2014 年至 2015 年间，MG 州发生了多次病毒输入，这表明该病毒至少在 2015 年 12 月我们回溯到的首例实验室确诊病例之前，已在不知不觉中传播了至少 16 个月。我们的研究结果强调了继续进行基因组监测策略与传统流行病学相结合的重要性，这有助于公共卫生实验室监测和了解循环虫媒病毒的多样性，从而有助于减轻传染病对公共卫生的影响。
