Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
Acta Biomater. 2021 May;126:15-30. doi: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.02.036. Epub 2021 Feb 27.
With the advancement of nanochemistry, artificial nanozymes with high catalytic stability, low manufacturing and storage cost, and greater design flexibility over natural enzymes, have emerged as a next-generation nanomedicine. The catalytic activity and selectivity of nanozymes can be readily controlled and optimized by the rational chemical design of nanomaterials. This review summarizes the various chemical approaches to regulate the catalytic activity and selectivity of nanozymes for biomedical applications. We focus on the in-depth correlation between the physicochemical characteristics and catalytic activities of nanozymes from several aspects, including regulating chemical composition, controlling morphology, altering the size, surface modification and self-assembly. Furthermore, the chemically designed nanozymes for various biomedical applications such as biosensing, infectious disease therapy, cancer therapy, neurodegenerative disease therapy and injury therapy, are briefly summarized. Finally, the current challenges and future perspectives of nanozymes are discussed from a chemistry point of view. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: As a kind of nanomaterials that performs enzyme-like properties, nanozymes perform high catalytic stability, low manufacturing and storage cost, attracting the attention of researchers from various fields. Notably, chemically designed nanozymes with robust catalytic activity, tunable specificity and multi-functionalities are promising for biomedical applications. It's crucial to define the correlation between the physicochemical characteristics and catalytic activities of nanozymes. To help readers understand this rapidly expanding field, in this review, we summarize various chemical approaches that regulate the catalytic activity and selectivity of nanozymes together with the discussion of related mechanisms, followed by the introduction of diverse biomedical applications using these chemically well-designed nanozymes. Hopefully our review will bridge the chemical design and biomedical applications of nanozymes, supporting the extensive research on high-performance nanozymes.
随着纳米化学的发展，人工纳米酶作为一种新一代纳米医学，具有高催化稳定性、低制造成本和存储成本，以及比天然酶更大的设计灵活性。通过合理的纳米材料化学设计，可以很容易地控制和优化纳米酶的催化活性和选择性。本文综述了各种化学方法来调节纳米酶的催化活性和选择性，用于生物医学应用。我们从几个方面深入探讨了纳米酶的物理化学特性与催化活性之间的关系，包括调节化学组成、控制形态、改变尺寸、表面修饰和自组装。此外，还简要总结了用于各种生物医学应用的化学设计纳米酶，如生物传感、传染病治疗、癌症治疗、神经退行性疾病治疗和损伤治疗。最后，从化学角度讨论了纳米酶目前的挑战和未来展望。
作为一种表现出酶样特性的纳米材料，纳米酶具有高催化稳定性、低制造成本和存储成本，引起了各个领域研究人员的关注。特别是，具有稳健催化活性、可调特异性和多功能性的化学设计纳米酶有望在生物医学应用中得到应用。定义纳米酶的物理化学特性与催化活性之间的关系至关重要。为了帮助读者理解这个快速发展的领域，在本综述中，我们总结了各种化学方法来调节纳米酶的催化活性和选择性，并讨论了相关的机制，随后介绍了使用这些化学设计良好的纳米酶的各种生物医学应用。希望我们的综述将纳米酶的化学设计和生物医学应用联系起来，支持对高性能纳米酶的广泛研究。
