Programa de Inmunología Molecular Microbiana, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico.
Laboratorio de Microbioma, Division de Investigación, Facultad de Medicina, UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico.
Scand J Immunol. 2021 Aug;94(2):e13035. doi: 10.1111/sji.13035. Epub 2021 Jun 22.
The growing incidence of non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) and changes in epidemiological factors have indicated that immune dysregulation may be associated with the emergence of NTM. Minireview entails to acknowledge complex interaction and new ways NTM are evolving around diverse immune status.
In order to perform this review, we selected peer reviewed, NLM database articles under the terms NTM, mycobacterium complex 'AND' -Host- immune response, immunity regulation, Disease, Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP´s), and -pathogen- followed by a snow ball rolling basis search on immune components and NTM related with diseases distribution.
The universal exposure and diversity of NTM are well-documented; however, hospitals seldom establish vigilant control of water quality or immunodeficiencies for patients with NTM infections. Depending on the chemical structures and immune mechanisms presented by various NTM varieties, they can trigger different effects in dendritic and natural killer cells, which release interleukin (IL)-17, tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and rIL-1B. The T helper (Th)2-acquired immune response is responsible for autoimmune responses in patients with NTM infections, and, quite disturbingly, immunocompetent patients have been reported to suffer from NTM infections.
New technologies and a comprehensive view has taught us; to acknowledge metabolic/immune determinants and trade-offs along transit through mutualism-parasite continuous.
非结核分枝杆菌（NTM）的发病率不断上升，以及流行病学因素的变化表明，免疫失调可能与 NTM 的出现有关。本篇小综述旨在承认复杂的相互作用和新途径，以及 NTM 在不同免疫状态下的演变方式。
为了进行本次综述，我们选择了在 NLM 数据库中经过同行评审的文章，使用的术语有 NTM、分枝杆菌复合体 '和' -宿主-免疫反应、免疫调节、疾病、单核苷酸多态性（SNP）和 -病原体-，然后基于免疫成分和与疾病分布相关的 NTM 进行雪球滚动搜索。
NTM 的普遍暴露和多样性已有充分记录；然而，医院很少对 NTM 感染患者的水质或免疫缺陷进行警惕性控制。根据各种 NTM 品种所呈现的化学结构和免疫机制，它们可以在树突状细胞和自然杀伤细胞中引发不同的效应，释放白细胞介素（IL）-17、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、干扰素-γ（IFN-γ）和 rIL-1B。辅助性 T 细胞（Th）2 获得性免疫反应是 NTM 感染患者自身免疫反应的原因，而且令人不安的是，免疫功能正常的患者也被报道患有 NTM 感染。
新技术和全面的观点使我们认识到；在通过共生-寄生虫连续体的相互作用中，承认代谢/免疫决定因素和权衡。
