Sequence Alignment Using Machine Learning for Accurate Template-based Protein Structure Prediction.

Template-based modeling, the process of predicting the tertiary structure of a protein by using homologous protein structures, is useful when good templates can be available. Indeed, modern homology detection methods can find remote homologs with high sensitivity. However, the accuracy of template-based models generated from the homology-detection-based alignments is often lower than that from ideal alignments. In this study, we propose a new method that generates pairwise sequence alignments for more accurate template-based modeling. Our method trains a machine learning model using the structural alignment of known homologs. When calculating sequence alignments, instead of a fixed substitution matrix, this method dynamically predicts a substitution score from the trained model.