Ross Brittany N, Whiteley Marvin
School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Emory-Children's Cystic Fibrosis Center, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Fac Rev. 2020 Dec 14;9:23. doi: 10.12703/r/9-23. eCollection 2020.
Almost every ecosystem on this planet is teeming with microbial communities made of diverse bacterial species. At a reductionist view, many of these bacteria form pairwise interactions, but, as the field of view expands, the neighboring organisms and the abiotic environment can play a crucial role in shaping the interactions between species. Over the years, a strong foundation of knowledge has been built on isolated pairwise interactions between bacteria, but now the field is advancing toward understanding how cohabitating bacteria and natural surroundings affect these interactions. Use of bottom-up approaches, piecing communities together, and top-down approaches that deconstruct communities are providing insight on how different species interact. In this review, we highlight how studies are incorporating more complex communities, mimicking the natural environment, and recurring findings such as the importance of cooperation for stability in harsh environments and the impact of bacteria-induced environmental pH shifts. Additionally, we will discuss how omics are being used as a top-down approach to identify previously unknown interspecies bacterial interactions and the challenges of these types of studies for microbial ecology.
地球上几乎每一个生态系统都充满了由各种细菌物种组成的微生物群落。从还原论的角度来看，这些细菌中有许多形成了两两相互作用，但随着视野的扩大，邻近的生物体和非生物环境在塑造物种间相互作用方面可能发挥关键作用。多年来，基于细菌间孤立的两两相互作用已经建立了坚实的知识基础，但现在该领域正在朝着理解共生细菌和自然环境如何影响这些相互作用的方向发展。自下而上的方法，即将群落拼凑在一起，以及自上而下的方法，即解构群落，正在为不同物种如何相互作用提供见解。在这篇综述中，我们强调了研究如何纳入更复杂的群落、模拟自然环境以及反复出现的发现，如合作对于恶劣环境中稳定性的重要性以及细菌引起的环境pH值变化的影响。此外，我们将讨论组学如何作为一种自上而下的方法来识别以前未知的种间细菌相互作用以及这类研究对微生物生态学的挑战。
